摘 要:市場導向與產品創新、企業績效的不確定關系已經引起了一系列的爭論。一些學者推測,它們之間的關系可能受到不同市場導向類型、不同產品創新方式和不同企業績效構成的影響。本文將市場導向細分為市場驅動導向和驅動市場導向,采用漸進性創新和突破性創新兩種產品創新方式,并在此基礎上提出一個整合概念框架,探討不同市場導向類型、產品創新方式與企業績效構成之間的內在關系。通過實證分析表明,兩種市場導向類型和產品創新方式具有各自不同的適應條件和場合,企業在創新實踐中同時采用和合理平衡兩種市場導向類型與創新方式能夠顯著提高企業的市場和財務績效。
關鍵詞:市場導向;創新方式;企業績效
中圖分類號:F713.5 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2008)04-0031-08
A Study on the Effects of Market Behaviors and Product Innovation Methods on Corporate Performances
LIU Shi-lan
(Guangdong University ofForeign Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China)
Abstract:The uncertain relationships between market orientation, product innovation and corporation performances have induced a series of debates. Some scholars guessed that the relationships may be affected by different types of market orientation, different methods of product innovation and different components of performances. This passage classifies market orientation into market-driven and market-driving one, adopts incremental and radical product innovation and discusses the relationship between them and performances. This passage suggests through an Empirical Analysis that the two market orientations and product innovation methods have different applicable conditions and situations, and that innovative corporations can increase dramatically market performance and financial performance by adopting simultaneously and balancing effectively two market orientation and innovative methods.
Key words:market orientation; innovative method; corporation performance
1 研究背景
市場導向與產品創新、企業績效的不確定關系已經引起了一系列的爭論。許多實證研究表明,市場導向通常能夠提高企業的整體績效,但若把績效細分為財務和市場成分時,市場導向與它們的關系就顯得并不清楚和明確[1]。人們對這種模糊結論的解釋在理論上提出了兩種推測:一是企業市場行為很可能要受到它所運營環境的影響[2];二是市場導向本身是由兩套不同而又相互補充的市場行為組成,即市場驅動(market driven)導向和驅動市場(market driving)導向[3,4]。
為了獲得短期成功和長期生存,企業必須同時開展市場驅動導向活動和驅動市場導向活動。但是,Narver,Slater和MacLachlan指出,當前有關市場導向的研究太偏重于維持市場現狀,而沒有去主動創造和改變市場;……