謝 昊
1. Were trying to save the manatees!我們正在盡力拯救海牛。
(1)本句時態為現在進行時,表示現階段正在做的事情。現在進行時有時所表示的動作并不一定在說話人說話的時刻進行,而是在包括說話時刻在內的一段時間當中正在進行。例如:
George is translating a book now. 喬治現在正翻譯一本書。
(2)try to do sth.意為“努力或盡力去做某事”,指試圖做某種很難的事,相當于try ones best to do sth.。例如:
He tried to work out the problem. 他努力地想解出難題。
Lets try to do the work well. 讓我們盡力把工作做好。
(3)try doing sth.則表示“試著(用什么方法)去做某事”,即動作真的進行了或正在進行,成敗得視結果而定。例如:
Lets try doing the exercise in another way.
讓我們試一試用另外一種方法做這道練習題。
(4)try to do表示“設法或盡力去做某事”,實際上做與不做視情況而定;而try doing表示“試著做”。例如:
I tried sending her flowers but it didnt have any effect.
我試著給她送花,然而沒什么結果。
由try構成的短語有:
try sth. on試穿 try doing sth.試著做某事
try to do sth.盡力做某事 try ones best盡某人最大努力
try ones hand at sth.初試身手 try out for sth.測試;試驗
try for sth.試圖獲得某物 have a try試一試
try sb. for sth.審問; 審判某人
try ones luck at sth.碰碰運氣,希望能成功
How nice the jacket is! Can I ____ it ____?
A. try; on B. try; out C. try; again
[解析]A try on意為“試穿”;try out意為“試驗”;try again意為“再試一遍”。由上句“那件夾克真好看”可推知此處應為“試穿”,故選A。
2. the place where something lives 某物生活的地方
此處是由where引導的定語從句。where指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。where修飾表示地點的名詞(如place, factory等);關系副詞相當于相應的“介詞+關系代詞”,如:where相當于in/at which。例如:
That is the house where(=in which) he lived ten years ago.
那是他10年前住過的房子。
The hospital where(=in which) her mother is working is in the western suburbs. 她母親工作的那家醫院位于西部的郊區。
3. Theyre about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1,000 pounds.
他們大概10英尺長,重約1000磅。
英語中表示事物的長、寬、高、深、遠、重等的基本結構為“主語+謂語(be)+基數詞+量詞(metre, kilometre等)+形容詞(long/wide/high)”,可作表語,也可作后置定語。例如:
The building is 100 metres high. 這座樓有100米高。
My room is five metres long and four metres wide.
我的房間有5米長,4米寬。
注意:
長、寬、高還可用復合形容詞,即“數字+量詞(單數)+long/wide/high…”表達,中間為連字符,常用作前置定語。例如:
This is a 20-metre-high building. 這是一座20米高的樓。
4. In 1972, it was discovered that they were endangered.
1972年,發現它們瀕臨滅絕了。
(1)句中的it為形式主語,代替that從句,that從句是句子的真正主語。it作形式主語時還常用于下列結構。例如:
Its said that there will be an exam soon. 據說,很快就要考試了。
It is known that the movie star has gone to Paris.
眾所周知這位影星去巴黎了。
Its reported that the weather is getting worse. 據報道,天氣會變糟。
It is said that there are several thousand languages in the world.
據說世界上有數千種語言。
(2)it代替名詞性從句作形式主語,主要用于“It+be+形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+that從句”結構。例如:
It was a pity that the president couldnt come. 可惜校長沒能來。
It is important that we should learn English well. 學好英語很重要。
it在被動結構中作形式主語的常用句型如下:
Its reported that…據報道…… Its believed that…大家相信……
Its thought that…大家認為…… Its said that…據說……
It is known that…眾所周知……
It has been decided that…大家決定……
____ is said that ____ of visitors visit the Great Wall every year.
A. That; thousand B. It; thousands
C. This; thousands D. It; thousand
[解析]B It is said that…“據說”;thousands of“數以千計的”,故選B。句意為“據說每年有數以千計的游客來參觀長城”。
(3)此句是含有被動語態的句子,且為一般過去時的被動語態。一般過去時態的被動語態結構為:“was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞”。例如:
The house was built in 1967. 這房子是1967年建的。
The woman was saved at last. 這個女人最后得救了。
——Did you go to Jacks birthday party?
——No, I ____.
A. am not invited B. wasnt invited
C. havent invited D. didnt invite
[解析]B 問句用的是過去時,答句也應該用過去時,“沒被邀請參加”應用被動語態wasnt invited,故B項正確。題意為“你去參加杰克的生日晚會了嗎?”“沒有,我沒有被邀請。”
5. Ive visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in. 我一生中參觀了很多動物園,但從未看見一個我喜歡的或是適合動物生存的動物園。
(1)本句為并列復合句,由and連接的第二個分句中又包含了兩個定語從句,即I liked為定語從句修飾第一個one, that was suitable for animals to live in為修飾第二個one的定語從句。在先行詞one和定語從句I liked間省略了關系代詞that,因為此時關系代詞that在定語從句中作賓語,常可省略;而第二個one與定語從句間的關系代詞that卻不能省略,因為此時that在定語從句中作主語,不可省去。例如:
What are some things that happen on soap operas?
連續劇里發生些什么事?
I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天買的那個。
(2)in ones life意為“在某人的一生中”,ones隨主語的人稱用相應的物主代詞。例如:
Edison invented lots of things in his life.
愛迪生一生中發明了很多東西。
Everyone makes mistakes in his life. 一生中任何人都會犯錯誤。
6. The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all. 那些動物被養在很小的籠子里,幾乎不能動。
(1)are kept是一般現在時的被動語態,由“am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞”構成。
(2)at all通常用于否定句中,即not…at all,意思是“一點兒也(不),絲毫不”,起加強否定語氣的作用。例如:
I dont like apples at all. 我根本不喜歡吃蘋果。
I can hardly hear you at all. 我幾乎不能聽見你的聲音。
I dont agree with you at all. 我根本不同意你的觀點。
(3)hardly意為“幾乎沒有,幾乎不”,是表示否定意義的副詞,相當于almost not。它的位置常在be動詞、情態動詞和助動詞之后,行為動詞之前。例如:
He could hardly see anything. 他幾乎什么也看不到。
She hardly ever calls me(=almost never). 她幾乎從未給我來過電話。
The old man hardly hears anything now.
如今那位老人幾乎聽不到任何聲音了。
hardly位于句首時,句子須借助助動詞構成倒裝語序。例如:
Hardly did he speak another word. 他幾乎沒有再說一句話。
hardly表示否定概念,不能再與其他否定詞連用。用于反意疑問句時,附加問句須用肯定式。例如:
He hardly works, does he? 他幾乎不工作,是嗎?
Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, ____?
A. wasnt he B. was he C. didnt he D. did he
[解析]D hardly本身表示否定概念,故反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式,本句中had作實義動詞,變問句時用助動詞did,故選D。
7. I know. I stopped using them last year.
我知道,我去年就不再用它們(餐巾紙)了。
stop作為動詞,意為“停止”,常用于下列結構中:stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”,stop doing sth.“停止做某事”;stop…(from)doing sth.表示“防止(或阻止)……做某事”,其中介詞from可以省略。例如:
When the teacher came, I stopped talking.
老師進來時,我停止了講話。
When Li Ming came, I stopped to talk with him.
李明來了,我停下來和他說話。
We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing.
我們必須阻止他,不讓他做這樣的蠢事。
She ought to stop ____; she has a headache because she ____ too long.
A. to work; was reading B. to work; has read
C. working; has read D. working; read
[解析]C stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”,stop to do sth.表示“停下來去做某事”。另外,read的動作是從過去一直持續到現在,故應用現在完成時。句意為“她應該停止工作,她頭疼是因為她讀的時間太長了”。
8. The windows and doors came from old buildings around the town that were being pulled down.
窗戶和門來自城鎮周圍被拆毀的舊樓房。
(1)that were being pulled down是定語從句,修飾先行詞old buildings。此定語從句是過去進行時的被動語態,其結構是“was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞”。強調“在以前舊樓房正在被拆除時”得到這些窗戶和門。被動語態可以用于各種時態,較常用的有八種,如:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、現在進行時和過去進行時等等。例如:
My car has been repaired. 我的汽車已經修好了。(現在完成時)
This question is being discussed at the meeting.
這個問題正在會上討論。(現在進行時)
When I called, tea was being served.
我來拜訪時,正好在上茶。(過去進行時)
(2)pull down意為“拆除;推倒”。例如:
The old building is being pulled down. 那棟舊樓正在被拆除。
The cinema she used to visit has been pulled down.
她常去的那家電影院已經被拆除了。
9. At school, everyone calls him Mr Recycling.
在學校,大家都叫他“環保先生”。
(1)call作動詞,意為“叫,稱呼”,在這里用的是句式“call+賓語+名詞”,名詞作賓語補足語,說明賓語的身份或情況。常見的這樣的動詞有:call, name, make, elect(選舉), think, find, consider(認為), leave, wish, keep等。例如:
They call me Xiao Li. 他們叫我小李。
What do you call this kind of plant? 這種植物你們叫什么?
They made him captain of the ship. 他們讓他當了船長。
They called the baby Emma. 他們給嬰兒取名埃瑪。
(2)everyone作代詞,其意義同everybody,意為“每人,人人”,不能用來指物。every one用作主語時,其后謂語動詞采用單數形式。例如:
Is everyone here today? 今天大家到齊了嗎?
(3)習慣上everyone不能用of短語作定語,但可用其他介詞短語作定語。例如:
He knows everyone in our village. 他認識我們村里的每個人。
注意:
與everyone很容易混淆的詞是every one, every one不僅可指人而且可指物,其后通常跟of短語作定語。例如:
Every one of us has the right to work. 我們每個人都有工作的權利。
10. Its not very suitable for this hot weather.
這樣熱的天氣很不適合穿它。
weather是不可數名詞,即使前面有bad, good, hot等形容詞修飾,其前面也不能加不定冠詞,但在習語in all weathers中則必須用其復數形式,意為“無論什么天氣”,“不管怎樣”。例如:
What bad weather (it is) for swimming!
對于游泳來說,這是多么惡劣的天氣!
She goes out in all weathers. 無論什么天氣她都出去。