救災(zāi)

句子：全國人民正在為抗震救災(zāi)捐款物。

誤譯：The Chinese people are do nating money and materials to fight the earthquake and save the disaster。

正譯：The Chinese people are do nating money and materials to fight the earthquake and provide disaster relief。

解釋：“救災(zāi)”的意思是“援助災(zāi)難中的人，使其免于災(zāi)難”。救的對象是人，不是災(zāi)難。不可以字對字譯為to save the disaster。“救災(zāi)”通常譯為to provide disaster relierf，to help people to tide over a natural disaster。例如：地震發(fā)生后，各級政府已投入大量資金抗震救災(zāi)。Since the occurrence of the earthquake，the governments at alllevels have put in large amounts offunds to fight the earthquake andhelp people to tide over the disaster。

地震災(zāi)區(qū)急需搶險(xiǎn)器械和救災(zāi)基金。Equipment for rushrepairs and funds for disaster relief arebadly needed in the earthquake-batteredareas。

“救”的意思是營救或援助人，使其脫離或免于危險(xiǎn)或?yàn)?zāi)難。“救”的第一個(gè)用法是后面跟被救的對象。英語可以譯為to save sb，或to rescue sb，例如：

如果有一線希望，就要千方百計(jì)挽救生命。Every effort will be made tosave lives if there is the slightest hope，

救援隊(duì)員清除瓦礫將嬰兒從廢墟中救了出來。The rescue workers removedthe rubble and saved the baby from thedebris。

一位60多歲的老太太在地震195個(gè)多小時(shí)后從巖石裂縫中被救出來。Awoman in her 60s was rescued from arock crack，more than 195 hours after theearthquake。

救援隊(duì)員們繼續(xù)在倒塌的樓房中搜尋遇難者，成功地救出了幾名幸存者。The emergency workers continued tosearch ruined buildings for victims andsucceeded in saving some survivors。

“救”的第二個(gè)用法是后面跟表示災(zāi)難的名稱，即造成危害的事物。“救荒”的意思是“采取措施或幫助度過災(zāi)荒”。可以譯為to relieve famine，to help sb，to tide over a crop failure，例如：

政府采取了一系列有效措施救荒。The government adopted a series ofeffective measures to relieve famine/helppeople to tide over a crop failure，

“救火”的意思是“滅火，并從火中救人和財(cái)物”。英語可以譯為t0 fight/put out/extinguish a fire，例如：

他家房子著火了，他的鄰居都來幫助救火。When his house was on fire，his neighbors came to help to fight/put out/extinguish the fire。

(朱 顏 推薦)