單項填空題是各級各類英語考試的基本題型。它可以用來考查詞法、句法、慣用法、交際用語等各項內容,是一種設題靈活、覆蓋面很廣的多功能題型。做單項填空題時,除了要具備扎實的基礎知識,還要注意以下八個方面的問題。
一、注意“母語”的干擾
The price of meat here is_________than hefore.
A.expensive B.more expensive C.high D.higher
漢語中,物品或價格可說“昂貴”,而英語中,只能說物品價格“高低”,答案應為D。類似的干擾:repeat與again,be-cause與s0,though/although與hut不能同時連用。
二、注意“定勢思維”的干擾
Mary couldn't help__________anything for her mother becauseshe was busy writing a novel.
A.doing B.do
C.did D.to be doing
有些同學誤選A,就是受can’t help doing(禁不住做某事)短語的定勢影響。本題語境發生了變化,瑪麗忙于寫小說“不能”幫助母親做事,而不是“禁不住做事”。又如:The day we look forward to_________.
A.coming B.came C.is coming D.have come
本句意為:我們盼望的那天就要來臨了。
we look forward tn為定語從句,B時態不符,故選c.
三、注意“冗余信息”的干擾
We should do more such exercises in the future,I think.those we did yesterday.
A.like B.with C.about D.as
撇開題干中“in the future,I think”不能提供幫助的冗余信息,可以看清句中含有“such…as”這一結構,故選D。又如:
He,as well as l,_______Englsh now.
A.1ike B.1ikes C.1iking D.is liking
aswell as I為插入語,去之即得到B正確。
四、注意題干中的標點符號
_________we had to go to bed early last night.
A.We were very tired B.So we were very tired
C.Being very tired
D.Being very tiring 句中有逗號,后一分句前又沒有連詞。分析題意,空格處應為表示原因的分詞或從句,即Being verytired或Aswewereverytired。故選C。又如:
He has many books, some of________are interesting.
A.them B.which C.those D.that
觀察題干,有一逗號,some前又是一名詞,這時可以判斷后面是一個非限制性定語從句。故選B。
五、注意利用“一致關系”
一致關系包括主謂一致、時態一致、邏輯一致及句子結構一致等。如:
He went there,___________some books and call on an old friendof his.
A.bought B.buying C.buy D.to buy
本題中and后是動詞原形call,說明它是省略了“to”的不定式,在句中作目的狀語,連詞and連接的結構應對等,故答案為D。若將call改為called,應選A。
六、注意“遲到信息”的影響
在選擇題的題干中,空格后一些信息往往對答案起決定作用。如:
Which of the two hooks will you buy?
I will buy_________,for I've got some such books.
A.both B.either C.noone D.neither
本題依據空格后遲到信息:我已有這樣的書,應選用否定代詞,從語法上排除c,故選D。
七、注意分析句子結構
Is this the watch you wish to__________?
A.have it repaired B.repair it
C.have repaired D.have repaired it
變為陳述句后,本句結構就清晰了:This is the watch youwish t0 have repaired.watch后的關系代詞因作have的賓語而省略。又如:
Was it in the room__________Lu Xun was born?
A.that B.who C.which D.where
此句可換成:It was in the room________LH Xun was born.顯然是強調句,因為去掉It was…that…不影響句子結構完整,故選A。若去掉介詞in,該句則是帶有定語從句的一般疑問句,那時應選D。
八、注意上下文所提供的情景
在做對話題時,要注意英語對話的習慣表達。如:
We weren't sure which way to go In the end we turned left
You______the wrong way. You_______right.
A.went,should have turned B.have gone. must turn
C.went,would have turned D.had gone. must have turned
此語境為某人在問路,而路人告知其走錯了路,應朝右拐。言下之意為:他們做了不該做的事,應用句型shouldhavedone,本來應該怎樣,故選A。