楊丹江
1. New Zealand has a mild sea climate,while the north is subtropical. (Page 38)
【考點(diǎn)1】 climate的用法。
【高考鏈接】 For the sake ofher daughters health,she decided to move to a warm ______.(上海2006春)
A. weatherB. temperature
C. seasonD. climate
【歸納】 climate此處意為“氣候”,既可作可數(shù)名詞,又可作不可數(shù)名詞。它還有“有某種天氣情況的地區(qū)”之意。此處climate為上述的第二個(gè)釋義。 weather意為“天氣”,是不可數(shù)名詞;temperature意為“氣溫,溫度,體溫”,不符合句意;season意為“季節(jié)”,不能和move搭配。
【考點(diǎn)2】 句中while表示對(duì)比,意為“而,當(dāng)……卻……”。
【高考鏈接】I do every single bit of housework______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (NMET 2007 II)
A. since B. whileC. when D. as
【歸納】 while 連接兩個(gè)并列句子,表示“對(duì)比”關(guān)系。
例如: He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里。
I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。
2. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air. (Page 38)
【考點(diǎn)】 of which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【高考鏈接1】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% ______ are sold abroad. (遼寧 2007)
A. of whichB. which of
C. of them D. of that
【高考鏈接2】 There are two buildings,______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (湖北 2007)
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
【歸納】 of which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在定語(yǔ)從句中,基于意義上的需要,可以在some,any,several,many,most,all,both,neither,none,half,one等詞和形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之后接of whom或of which.
3. It is a good thing that New Zealand helps the Maori to keep their own language and culture. (Page 40)
【考點(diǎn)】 句中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。
【高考鏈接1】In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(上海2007)
A. this B. that C. thereD. it
【高考鏈接2】The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(北京 2007)
A. This is B. There is
C. That isD. It is
【歸納】 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或從句時(shí),通常把it用作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首而把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式或從句放在后面。句中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。
4. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer ……(Page 42)
【考點(diǎn)】 turn to是固定短語(yǔ),此處意為“開(kāi)始干,轉(zhuǎn)向”,to是介詞,其后接名詞或動(dòng)詞?-ing形式。turn to還有“找(某人尋求幫助等);查閱(某書(shū)),求助于”之意。
【高考鏈接】 In the dark street,there wasnt a single person ______ she could turn for help. (NMET 2007 II)
A. that B. who
C. from whomD. to whom
【歸納】 此處主要考查對(duì)固定短語(yǔ)turn to sb. for help的識(shí)別。原句可還原為there wasnt a single person whom she could turn to for help。此處為介詞to提前,構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞a single person,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。
在高中階段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,常常會(huì)遇見(jiàn)許多含有to的短語(yǔ),而其中有些短語(yǔ)所含的to為介詞,他的后面要求接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞。往往容易將這種情況與不定式相混淆,為了區(qū)別記憶,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
1. access to 接近,進(jìn)入(某地的)方法; 通路
2. according to 按照,依照,視……而定
3. be addicted to 沉溺于……,對(duì)……上癮
4. belong to 屬于
5. contribute to 為……做貢獻(xiàn),為……撰稿
6. devote to 獻(xiàn)身,致力于……
7. due to 因?yàn)?由于……而起
8. be equal to 與……相當(dāng),有能力勝任……的
9. get close to 靠近,接近
10. get down to 開(kāi)始做某事,認(rèn)真處理某事
11. hold to 忠于……,堅(jiān)持,遵循
12. help oneself to 自取,自用(食物,飲料等)
13. look forward to 盼望,期待
14. lead to 導(dǎo)致
15. prefer…to…(兩者間)更喜歡……
16. pay attention to 注意
17. refer to 提到,涉及到,關(guān)系到,參考,查閱
18. relate to 與……有關(guān),涉及……
19. see to 照看或處理某事物
20. stick to 堅(jiān)持,不改變或不放棄
21. turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于,轉(zhuǎn)而做
22. be used to 習(xí)慣于……,適應(yīng)……
5.These happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.(Page )
【考點(diǎn)1】 v-ing做介詞賓語(yǔ)的用法。
【高考鏈接1】Isnt it time you got down to______ the papers?(重慶2006)
A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
【歸納】:got down to中的to是介詞因而要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),而動(dòng)名詞marking與其邏輯主語(yǔ)you是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
【高考鏈接2】 You cant imagine what
difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. (遼寧2007)
A. walkedB. walkC. to walk D.walking
【歸納】:have difficulty in doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的一種變化形式。用動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
【考點(diǎn)2】另外,v-ing名詞性功能有:在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例如:
【高考鏈接1】 Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview.______ the answers ready will be of great help.(北京2007)
A. To have had B. Having had
C. HaveD. Having
【歸納】:動(dòng)名詞 “Having the answers ready” 作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式也可以做主語(yǔ),但顯然這兒不可用完成形式,所以選A是錯(cuò)誤的。
【高考鏈接2】 When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.(北京2007)
A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
【歸納】:remember 接 to do與doing做賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:remember doing回憶起過(guò)去做過(guò)的事;remember to do記住要做的事。
【高考鏈接3】 I cant stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She justrefuses____ talking while she works. (北京2006)
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stoppin
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
【歸納】:stand在這里表示“忍受”,后面要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),而refuse要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。