中考英語名詞考查熱點聚焦

王世文

英語中的名詞有可數和不可數之分，可數名詞又有單數和復數之分，名詞還有所有格形式。近年來，全國各地中考英語試題對名詞的考查主要集中在上述幾個方面，筆者擬對此加以歸納，并作一簡析，供同學們參考。

一、考查可數名詞的單、復數形式

可數名詞有單數和復數之分，由單數變為復數的方法如下：一般名詞在詞尾加-s; 以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-es(但stomach在詞尾加-s); 以“輔音字母+y”結尾的名詞，先把y改為i, 再加-es,以“元音字母+y”結尾的名詞大多直接在詞尾加-s; 以f或fe結尾的名詞通常將f或fe改成v, 再加-es; 以“輔音字母+o”結尾的名詞通常在詞尾加-es, 但也有在詞尾加-s的；含主體名詞的復合名詞通常將主體名詞改為復數形式(如passers-by)，無主體名詞的復合名詞一般在詞尾加-s(如grown-ups); 由man/woman構成的復合名詞將兩部分均改為復數形式（如women teachers）; deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish(活魚)等名詞的單復數形式相同；有些名詞的復數形式無規律可言，需要逐個加以記憶，如child→children, mouse→mice, man→men, woman→women, foot→feet等。有些名詞，如trousers, clothes, jeans, glasses, shoes, sunglasses等成雙成對的名詞，只有復數形式，這些名詞單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式，由a pair of或pairs of修飾這些名詞并作主語時，謂語動詞的形式取決于pair的單復數形式。例如：

1. All the ____ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.（2007重慶市）

A. man B. men C. woman D. women

[簡析]答案為D。考查名詞作定語。句意為“所有的女教師在三月八日這一天都很愉快，因為這是她們的節日。man, woman作定語修飾名詞時，其單數形式修飾單數名詞，復數形式修飾復數名詞。

2. ——Do you know how many ____ a horse has and how many

____ a bee has?(2007年內蒙古包頭市)

——Of course. I know.

A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot

[簡析]答案為A。考查tooth, foot的用法。這兩個名詞變復數時都要把oo變為ee，在本題中用于how many之后，都用復數，故選A。

3. How many ____ are there in the international village?

(2006廣東省)

A. Chinese B. Russian C. American

[簡析]答案為A。How many后面應接可數名詞的復數形式。三個選項只有Chinese單復數同形。B和C的復數形式都在其后加s。

二、考查可數名詞單、復數形式的使用

考生應根據具體語境和句子意思來確定名詞應用單數形式還是用復數形式。例如：

1. Liu Xiang is an Olympic winner in the ____ hurdles(跨欄). Were proud of him. (2006年海南省)

A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre D. 110 meters

[簡析]考查“基數詞+連詞符號+名詞”構成的復合形容詞的用法，其中的名詞只能用單數形式，故答案為A項。

2. We have bought two ____ for the coming party. (2005年吉林省)

A. box of apple B. boxes of apples

C. box of apples D. boxes of apple

[簡析]答案為B。box與apple均為可數名詞，根據語境，空白處應填表示復數意義的名詞性詞組boxes of apples, 故答案為B項。

三、考查名詞所有格的用法

名詞所有格表示該名詞與其他名詞的所屬關系。表示有生命的名詞所有格的構成方法有兩種：不以s結尾的名詞單數或復數名詞，通常在詞尾加“‘s”；以s結尾的復數名詞在詞尾加“‘”。表示時間、距離、國家、城市、天體等概念的無生命名詞的所有格也用s的形式；of短語常用來構成無生命的所有格；of所有格和s所有格重疊使用構成雙重所有格，結構為：不定冠詞/數詞/指示代詞/疑問代詞+名詞+of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞；修飾語與被修飾的名詞之間沒有所屬關系時，應用名詞作定語。表示兩人共同擁有某物時，最后一個名詞用s, 表示兩人分別擁有某物時，兩個名詞分別用所有格形式；else的所有格為elses。例如：

1. ____ room is big and bright. They like it very much.

（2007年河北省）

A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam

C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams

[簡析]答案為C。room用的是單數形式，可知房間是兩個人共有的。當兩個人共有某物時，名詞所有格應該在后面那個人名后加“‘s”。

2. ——Come and see me in ____.(2007年黑龍江哈爾濱市)

——With pleasure. Thats what Im expecting.

A. two or three days

B. two or three days time

C. two or three days time

[簡析]答案為C。此題考查短語“在兩或三天之后”，正確表達是：in two or three days time或in two or three days。

3. All the students in my class decided to have the next meeting in one ____ time.(2007年遼寧沈陽市)

A. week B. weeks C. weeks D. weeks

[簡析]答案為C。該句意為“我們班所有的學生決定在一周的時間內要開下一次會議。” 表示“一周的”時間應該用名詞所有格s，表示“……的”，故答案選C。

4. Li Feng bought his mother a nice handbag on ____ Day.

(2007年廣西桂林市)

A. Mother B. mother C. Mothers D. mothers

[簡析]答案為C。母親節應用單數形式，且用名詞所有格，即：Mothers Day。

四、考查根據具體語境來選擇名詞

在中考英語試卷中，不少試題要求考生從不同類別的名詞中選擇符合語境的名詞，以考查考生對名詞類別的區分能力。例如：

1. ——How can I tell one tree from another?

——You can mostly tell them by the ____ of their leaves.

(2007年湖北武漢市)

A. shape B. size C. age D. color

[簡析]答案為A。句意為“我怎樣說出一棵樹和另外一棵樹的不同？”“你可以主要說樹葉的形狀。”A是形狀；B是尺寸；C是年齡；D是顏色。

2. ——You didnt send me an e-mail last night, did you?

(2007年安徽省)

——Sorry. My ____ broke down. I couldnt get online.

A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera

[簡析]答案為A。句意為“昨晚你沒有給我發電子郵件，對嗎？”“很抱歉，我的電腦壞了，不能上網。”根據前面句子的意思判斷，讓他發電子郵件，應該是說電腦壞了。

3. ——I dont know how to use the machine. (2007年江西省)

——It doesnt matter. Here is the ____.

A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement

[簡析]答案為A。句意為“我不知道怎樣用這臺機器。”“沒關系，這是說明。”instruction說明書；direction 方向；information信息；advertisement 廣告。根據句意排除選項B、C、D。

4. ——Would you like some ____?(2007年陜西課改區)

——No, thank you. Im not hungry at all.

A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee

[簡析]答案為C。句意為“你想要些面包嗎？”“不，謝謝，我根本不餓。”由回答中的hungry可知上句應與食物有關。tea茶；water水；coffee咖啡，均不符合題意，故排除。

5. Linda wants to borrow a book on science in the ____ nearby. (2007年黑龍江省)

A. library B. bookstore C. supermarket

[簡析]答案為A。借書當然要到圖書館去。

6. ——Would you like some ____?(2007年浙江寧波市)

——Yes, please. Im a little thirsty.

A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange

[簡析]答案為D。根據答語“我有點口渴”可推斷問句應對飲料提問。A、B、C三項都是吃的食物，不符合題意。

7. He always has a ____ with him. I think he must enjoy taking photos.(2007年福建廈門市)

A. computer B. dictionary C. camera

[簡析]答案為C。考查在理解句意的基礎上，選擇相應的名詞。通過題干中的take photos可知選C。

8. ——Mum, its so hot and Im so thirsty.(2007年山東威海市)

——Go and get some ____ in the fridge.

A. biscuits B. chips C. cakes D. ice creams

[簡析]答案為D。由題意可知說話人很熱并且口渴，比較一下A、B、C三項都不符合題意。

9. Im afraid that there is no ____ for you in my car because there are already five people. (2007年甘肅省)

A. ground B. room C. place D. field

[簡析]答案為B。該句意為“恐怕我的車里沒有你的空了，因為已經有5個人了。”ground地面；room空間，不可數名詞；place地方，指具體的某一地點；field田地。

10. ——Please write down the telephone number.

——Sorry, but I have no ____ to write on.(2007年寧夏回族自治區)

A. pen B. ink C. paper D. time

[簡析]答案為C。paper在此處作have的賓語，也作on的賓語，句意為“我沒有紙可以寫在上面。”

11. I dont have enough money, so I have to go to the ____ to get some. (2007年烏魯木齊市)

A. restaurant B. police station C. bank D. shop

[簡析]答案為C。該句意為“我的錢不多了，我得去銀行去取。”restaurant飯店；police station警察局；bank銀行；shop商店。

12. They got much ____ on the Internet.(2007年天津市)

A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information

[簡析]答案為D。much后面應接不可數名詞。

13. There is good ____ for you. Ive found your lost watch.

(2007年廣東省)

A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts

[簡析]答案為A。由于該句謂語動詞是單數is，故答案選A。news是不可數名詞，意為“消息”。

14. ——Look, the tall building looks very modern. (2007年河南省)

——Yes, and there is a garden on its ____. A garden in the air!

A. top B. ground C. side D. floor

[簡析]答案為A。根據后句A garden in the air!(空中花園)判斷，花園在樓頂。故選A（在……頂端）。

15. ——Whats wrong with your daughters ____? (2007年海南省)

——She cant see things clearly.

A. eyes B. ears C. nose

[簡析]答案為A。根據下文“她看不清東西”可知“她的眼睛出毛病了”。表示“眼睛”用eyes。

[小試牛刀]

1. ____ the Green Great Wall, the land produces more crops.

A. Thanks for B. Thanks to C. Thank to D. Thank for

2. ——Ive got an “A” in the exam.

——Thats a good ____. You will surely win a second.

A. news B. idea C. start D. result

3. If you didnt take more ____, youll get fat.

A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons

4. We watch evening news on channel of ____ at 7:00 in the evening.

A. MTV B. CAAC C. CCTV D. WTO

5. She was born in Chongqing, but Chengdu has become her second____.

A. family B. hometown C. house D. country

6. ——Could you move over a little and make some ____ for me?

——Sure, please.

A. place B. seat C. room D. ground

7. How many ____ were lost in the fire?

A. life B. lives C. lifes

8. The ____ now is that I have lots of ____ to ask.

A. problem; questions B. question; problems

C. question; problem D. problem; question

9. He had something to write down and asked me for ____.

A. a paper B. some papers

C. some piece of paper D. a piece of paper

10. Canadians speak ____ and ____.

A. Italian; Japanese B. English; Chinese

C. German; Russian D. French; English

11. There are two ____ in the city.

A. cars factory B. cars factories

C. factories of cars D. car factories

12. His sisters English is better than ____ in her class.

A. anyone else B. anyones C. anyones else D. anyone elses

13. How many ____ are there in your factory?

A. German B. Japanese C. Australian D. Englishmans

14. I have ____ to do this evening.

A. a lot of works B. many work

C. a lot of work D. some works

15. Which of the following signs means “NO BIKES”. ____.

16. The sign “THIS SIDE UP” is often seen ____.

A. in the street B. on a box C. at the police D. on a door

17. We will have a ____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?

A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days

18. ——Can I just have a try?

——Sure. It doesnt ____ if you give me a wrong answer.

A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care

19. There was ____ on show in the museum.

A. quite nice a cup B. nice quite cup

C. quite a nice cup D. quite nice cup

20. The river is very long and it is about ____.

A. 20 metres wide B. 15 metres long

C. 30 metres high D. 50 metres tall

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