虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法

蔣　利

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為所說(shuō)的話是和事實(shí)相反的內(nèi)容，只是一種愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、建議或空想，用于條件句或某些動(dòng)詞之后。在這樣的句子中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)

虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用在由if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件從句中，是用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的情況表示懷疑。

(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況

If I were you, I would help her. 如果我是你，我會(huì)幫助她。

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒(méi)有空氣和水，地球上就不會(huì)存在生物。

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

如果他學(xué)習(xí)用功的話，他可能會(huì)通過(guò)考試。

(2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況

If I had visited the place before, I would have known the way.

如果我去過(guò)那個(gè)地方，我就認(rèn)識(shí)路了。

If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.

假若我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身的話，我們是不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車的。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他聽(tīng)了我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。

(3)表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的主觀推測(cè)(可能相反或可能性很小)

If you should be late tomorrow, we would not wait for you.

萬(wàn)一你明天遲到了，我們就不等你了。

If he should see me, he would know me.

假如他看見(jiàn)我，就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。

If it were to snow in the summer, I would believe you.

倘若夏天下雪，我就會(huì)相信你。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中

(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我能有你那樣的腦筋。

(2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”。

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我原來(lái)知道這件事的真相。

(3)表示將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

I wish I should have a chance again. 我真希望再有一次機(jī)會(huì)。

一、請(qǐng)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1. If I come, I ____(see) you.

2. If it is fine, we ____(go) for a walk.

3. If it rained, they ____(stay) at home.

4. You will spoil it if you ____(not be) careful.

5. We would be very much pleased if you ____(come).

6. Will you help me if I ____(need) you?

7. They will get wet if it ____(rain).

8. What a pity!I havent got my car. If I had, I ____(take) you to

the airport.

9. We would answer if we ____(can).

10. If you eat too much, you ____(get) ill.

二、請(qǐng)根據(jù)上下文用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成對(duì)話。

1. A: What are you doing this evening?

B: Im not sure. If there ____(not be) anything good on TV, I think

I ____(read) a detective story. Or maybe I ____(go) to bed early.

2. A: What time will Kate be home?

B: If I ____(know) I ____(tell) you. But unfortunately, she didnt say a word with me because we argued yesterday.

A: Well, if she ____(get) home before 10:00, please ask her to call me.

3. A: Im so stressed out.

B: Its none of my business, but if I ____(be) you, I ____(take) some time off.

4. A: Im afraid your flight has been delayed due to bad weather.

B: Oh no!When will it take off?

A: We dont have any idea yet. If it ____(stop) snowing this evening, then your flight ____(depart) some time tonight.

5. A: What are the chances that will happen?

B: Its too early to tell. I ____(let) you know if I ____(hear) any news.

Key:一、1.will see2.will go3.would stay4.are not 5.came6.need7.rains8.would take9.could10.will get二、1.isnt, will read, will go2.knew, would tell, gets 3.were, would take4.stopped, would depart 5.will let, hear