虛擬語氣的教學議案

一、 概念及其在教材中的定位

虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）是一種特殊的動詞形式，表示主觀愿望和假象虛擬的情況。和直陳語氣(indictive mood)、祈使語氣(imperativemood)合稱為英語的三種語氣。其中以虛擬語氣最難掌握和教授，在現行的所有版本的高中英語教材中均占有重要的地位。也是高考必考的語法項目。

二、 教學重點

1.含虛擬條件句的虛擬語氣，其動詞形式表現為：

Eg：(1)If I knew German，I would read Das Capital in the original.(與現在事實相反)

(2)If I had got up earlier， I would not have missed the

plane. (與過去事實相反)

(3) If it were Sunday tomorrow， I would go to see my

friend.(與將來可能事實相反)

2. 不帶虛擬條件句的虛擬語氣。

(1)wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。

Eg： I wish I were as strong as you.

歸納為：

(2) advise，suggest，order，demand，propose，command，

request，desire，insist，decide，promise，arrange，ask(要求)，consent，determine，intend，beg 等詞后的賓語從句中謂語動詞的形式為：（should）+動詞原形，should可以省略。

Eg: The teacher suggested that we (should) save time.

The black clouds suggested that a heavy rain was coming.

(3) it is desired，it is suggested，it is requirested，it is ordered，it was proposed，it is necessary，it is important，it has been decided 等結構后的主語從句要用虛擬語氣。

Eg：It is suggested that all the competitors (should) take their ID Cards when taking part in the competition.

(4) suggestion，motion，proposal，order recommandation，plan，idea，advice，demand，desire等詞后的表語從句和同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。

Eg: The demand is that manuscripts(should) be written on one side only.

It is my desire that all the members of the family (should gether once a year.

(5)It’s time …句型后要求跟虛擬語氣，表示“早該干什么了”或“是干什么的時間了”，其后的句子謂語用過去式。

Eg：It’s time that we went to bed.

(6) 在in case that，for fear that ，in oder that，so that 引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣。

Eg： I will not make a noise for fear that I should/might disturb you.

(7)If only和would that后的虛擬語氣

謂語動詞用一般過去時表示現在沒有實現的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現的愿望，常譯為：要是……就好了。

Eg：If only I could speak several foreign language.

Would that I had seen her before she died.

(8) as if 引導的從句，要根據情況來判斷，如果不可能實現，就用虛擬語氣，如果有可能實現或可能是真實情況，用直陳語氣。

三、教學難點

本語法項目的難點是對說話人的語氣的把握。主要分為：對過去、現在及將來所要發生的事實的假設；表示說話人的主觀意愿及建議和勸告；以及請求、希望、懷疑等強烈語氣。

四、教學方法及課時安排

應采取講練結合的教學方法。課時為兩節，并在隨后的教學中不斷重復，不斷提醒學生，以達到鞏固和加強的作用。

(藍田縣玉山中學)