閱讀理解星級訓練

(A)☆☆

Tae kwon do is the Korean martial art (武術(shù)) of hand-to-hand combat(戰(zhàn)斗). Maybe that should really be body-to-body combat because in tae kwon do the whole body must be trained to properly defend and attack. There are some similarities between tae kwon do and other martial arts.

For example， tae kwon do uses quick straight-line moves which can also be found in Japanese martial arts， but tae kwon do also uses flowing circular moves like the type of moves found in Chinese martial arts. The main difference between tae kwon do and other martial arts is the powerful kicking technique which tae kwon do uses. This is where the name tae kwon do comes from. In Korean， tae means“to kick”， kwon means “to strike with the hand”， and do means“art”. Therefore， tae kwon do can be translated as “the art of kicking and punching”.

Paintings found on the walls and ceilings of ancient Korean tombs indicate that tae kwon do， or something similar to it， has been practiced in Korea since about 50 B.C. Also， records of a specially trained group of young warriors called Hwarang explain how these young men were taught taek kyon(an early form of tae kwon do)along with history， philosophy，ethics， archery， riding， and sword fighting.Members of the Hwarang were also encouraged to travel throughout Korea in order to learn about the people who lived in all regions of the country. This helped spread the practice of taek kyon throughout Korea. Eventually taek kyon，which was practiced for exercise and sport was replaced by subak， another martial art. The purpose of subak was specifically fighting， so members of the military were required to learn it. However， people’s interest in subak died out over time. By the 1800s， few Koreans actually practiced subak. After Korea was invaded in 1909， authorities put an end to the practice of all martial arts in the country. In the long run， this ban actually led to increased interest in martial arts， and secret groups began to practice subak again in the Buddhist temples hidden high in the mountains in Korea. After Korea gained its independence again in 1948， interest in many forms of martial arts grew around the country. The Korean Tae Kwon Do Association was formed in 1961， and this was followed by the World Tae Kwon Do Federation in 1973.

Today， tae kwon do enjoys great popularity around the world. More than 20 million people practice tae kwon do in more than 120 countries. Tae kwon do was also made an official demonstration sport in the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul， Korea.

1. Tae kwon do means ____.

A. martial arts

B. the art of kicking and punching

C. taek kyon or subak

D. younger warrior

2. How is tae kwon do different from other forms of martial arts?____.

A. The movements are straight

B. It is practiced by men and women

C. It uses powerful kicks

D. The movements are flowing

3. What was the Hwarang?____.

A. A kind of martial arts

B. A group of warriors

C. A kind of painting

D. An early form of tae kwon do

4. Where did Koreans practice martial arts after being invaded in 1909?____.

A. In Buddhist temples

B. In sports competitions

C. In special schools

D. In tunnels

5. When was tae kwon do first seen at an Olympic competition?____.

A. 1948B. 1973C. 1961D. 1988

(B)☆☆☆

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage 1 national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments， but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes， but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.

One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match as， the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:“This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.

The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia， after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance.It was thought at first that the United States had won， by a single point， but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other， and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the U.S.A. had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals， or in nonnational terms， might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.

1.According to the author， recent Olympic Games have ____.

A. created goodwill between the nations

B. bred only 1 national pride

C. hardly showed any international friendship

D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred

2.What did the manager mean by saying，“...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”? ____.

A. His team would no longer take part in international games

B. Hockey and the Federation are both

ruined by the unfair decisions

C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation

D. The Federation should be dissolved

3. The basketball example implied that ____.

A. too much patriotism was displayed in the incident

B. the announcement to prolong the match was wrong

C. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision

D. the American team was right in receiving the silver medals

4. The author gives the two examples in Paragraph 2 and 3 to show ____.

A. how 1 national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games

B. that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be

C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship

D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games

5. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? ____.

A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved

B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games

C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game

D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations

(C)☆☆☆☆

The immune system is the body’s defender.It identifies， tracks down， and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body.Those troublemakers may be， for example，bacteria from a cut or splinter， a measles germ，a cold bug， or even a cancer cell.

These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients. If they succeed， we become sick or， sometimes， even die. It’s the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us.

Say you picked up a flu virus(病毒) last week. Perhaps it entered your body through a cut， from a drinking glass， or from the air you breathe. Of course， you didn’t feel it， but the virus made its way into your bloodstream. As soon as it entered your body， it began to reproduce. Viruses have only one goal: to take over your cells. Once inside your body， viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal work. If left alone， these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken， or worse， get a serious illness.

But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be. As it reproduces in your bloodstream， the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell， the lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are the foot soldiers that keep you alive.

The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine. Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence. Your body holds about a trillion—that’s 1，000，000，000，000 of them， or about 3，000 in every drop of blood. Since you began reading this sentence， over 800，000 of them have been created and destroyed.

Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnut zed organ called the thymus. The thymus is the base of the neck. Here， special hormones(荷爾蒙) turn lymphocytes into fighting cells， called T cells.

T cells have one terrific talent: They can tell the difference between friend and foe; what should be in our bodies and what shouldn’t.They do not affect the body’s healthy cells. Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies， such as germs， transplants， and even our own cells which have become abnormal， as in the case of cancer.

1. What is the function of our immune system? ____.

A. To take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients

B. To prevent bacteria or germs from entering the body

C. To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body

D. To fight against T cells

2. What does the word “l(fā)ymphocytes” mean?____.

A. Food soldiersB. Flu virus

C. White blood cellsD. Troublemakers

3. The last sentence in Para. 5 “Since you began reading this sentence， over 800，000 of them have been created and destroyed”implies that ____.

A. this sentence contributes to the increase of the number of lymphocytes in your body

B. you would not realize that lymphocytes reproduce themselves rapidly but for this sentence

C. because you read this sentence， a large number of lymphocytes have been consumed

D. the number of lymphocytes in your body is extremely large

4. Which of the following can NOT be detected by T cells? ____.

A. ThymusB. Transplants

C. Cancer cellsD. Healthy cells

5. Which of the following questions bestsummaries the main idea of the whole passage? ____.

A. How does the immune system attack the flu virus?

B. How does the immune system function in our body?

C. How do the lymphocytes work in our body?

D. What is the so called immune system?

Key(1)