摘 要:匯率作為價格體系的一個重要組成部分,是一國國內物價水平的重要影響因素,但匯率對不同價格指標的影響效果和影響渠道是不同的。本文采用動態CGE模型—MCHUGE分析人民幣升值對當前中國通貨膨脹的影響,研究結果表明:人民幣升值能夠有效地平抑物價,減輕通脹壓力并防止通脹進一步擴散;在短期內,一次性大幅升值會造成投資的迅速增長,這種增長將刺激資產價格暴漲,提高投資成本,使得熱錢涌入難以為繼,長期來看并不會造成投資的紊亂;人民幣升值在短期內溫和刺激勞動力市場,拉動實際工資上漲,提高居民實際購買力,但長期并不會調高勞動力成本,拉動CPI走高。
關鍵詞:人民幣升值;通貨膨脹;CGE模型;MCHUGE模型
中圖分類號:F224.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2010)05-0042-06
An Analysis on the Inhibitory Effect of RMB Appreciation on Inflation
——Analysis Based on a Dynamic CGE Angle
HU Zong-yi1, LIU Yi-wen1, YANG Liu2
(1.School of Finance and Statistics, Hunan University, Changsha410079, China; 2.Library of Hunan Universityy, Changsha410079, China)
Abstract:As an important component of price system,the exchange rate is a pivotal influencing factor on the national price level. Adopting dynamic CGE Model-MCHUGE, the issue analyzes the impact of RMB appreciation to the inflation in China. The result shows that RMB appreciation is able to restrain the price level, to release the inflationary pressure, and to prevent the further proliferation of inflation efficiently; In the short term,the one-appreciation will result in a rapid increase in investment; the increase will stimulate asset price to soarand improve the investment cost to prevent the flowing in of hot money, while no disorder of investment will be made in the long haul;RMB appreciation gently stimulates the labour market over the short time, drives the real wage up, and improves the residents’ actual purchasing power; but in the long term, the appreciation will not raise the labour cost and not pull the CPI higher.
Key words:RMB appreciation; inflation; CGE model; MCHUGE model
1 引言
匯率和物價的關系始終都是國際經濟學的一個研究熱點,尤其自布雷頓森林體系崩潰以后,主要發達國家紛紛放棄固定匯率制,轉而實行浮動匯率制,各國匯率波動幅度日益擴大。匯率變動最直接影響到的是進口品價格,一般而言,本幣貶值(升值),將直接提高(降低)進口品的國內價格。而匯率對其他價格指標,如消費者價格、生產者價格等一般物價水平的影響則是間接的。劇烈波動的匯率是否會破壞國內物價穩定,以及如何影響國內物價水平,吸引了研究者的廣泛關注。
2005年7月21日人民幣匯率形成機制改革以來,宏觀經濟運行環境的變化以及人民幣匯率波動幅度的放大,與此同時中國經濟一直面臨著較大通貨膨脹壓力,國內理論界對人民幣匯率是否是導致通貨膨脹的原因之一的研究也日漸增多。……