摘 要:在排污權交易經濟理論基礎上,結合對現實企業差異性與決策機制分析,構建了基于異質主體的區域排污權交易系統計算實驗平臺,并對排污權交易系統效率以及許可證價格進行初步研究。結果表明,企業間差異性對系統效率有促進作用;在信息不完全市場中,許可證價格可以收斂,但高于理論均衡價格;由于企業行為偏差使得許可證價格對其自身有阻滯效應,單純價格導向不能使市場完全有效,而企業差異性可對不完全信息帶來的效率損失有補償效應。研究也表明了對排污權交易系統進行異質性分析與建模的必要性。
關鍵詞:計算實驗;排污權交易;系統效率;決策機制;異質性
中圖分類號:F205 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2010)06-0025-07
A Computational Experimental Study on Efficiency of Emissions Trading System
JIN Shuai1,2, SHENG Zhao-han1,2, LIU Xiao-feng1,2
(1.School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 2.Computational Experiment Center for Social Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)
Abstract:According to economic basis of emissions trading, a heterogeneous agent-based computational experiment platform for regional emissions trading was established, by combining analyses of the diversities and decision-making mechanisms of companies in real world. Then pilot analyses were done on efficiency of emission trading and permit price. The experimental results showed that diversities of companies would advance system efficiency, market price converged above equilibrium price, and a retarding effect was on permit price through itself. Price-oriented trading strategy could not lead to effective collocation of permits, but diversities of companies would generate a countervailing effect on system efficiency. The requirement of heterogeneous modeling and analysis on emissions trading system was proofed thought experimental results.
Key words:computational experiment; emissions trading; system efficiency; decision mechanism; heterogeneity
1 引言
作為一種基于市場解決環境資源問題的環境經濟政策,排污權交易制度已經在美國、歐盟等地區以不同形式得到廣泛嘗試與應用,并被實踐證明是有效的污染治理途徑[1,2]。但是,我國在長三角、天津、河南等眾多地區開展的試點工作,無論在形式和內容上,與真正的市場運作模式還有相當大的距離。例如,一些地區許可證供給不足,交易體制不健全,交易依賴環保部門的操縱和運作等[1]。而2009年國家環保部又明確表示全面啟動太湖流域排污權有償使用和交易工作,向水環境排污權交易這個世界難題發出挑戰。相比國外的政策環境、監管機制及交易市場,我國存在一定缺陷與差異性[3]。因此,現實需求必須考察和研究其“分子結構”,弄清它的本質與過程,才能在拿來之后進行揚棄,真正做到洋為中用[4]。……