摘 要:重量級IT項目具有高度復雜性和不確定性,以過程為基礎的項目管理需要借敏捷方法加以改進。本文以闡明IT項目的復雜產品系統特性為起點,從復雜產品系統的模塊化及分解入手,討論了IT產品的動態形成過程,提出了一個基于敏捷開發過程的重量級IT項目管理框架。以提升重載方法開發效率、提高產品質量為目的,探討了復雜產品分解的隨機Petri網概念模型、柔性團隊行為模型、重載方法適度規范集以及基于知識轉移的敏捷開發過程,并提出了若干管理對策。
關鍵詞:IT項目管理;敏捷思想;管理框架;柔性團隊
中圖分類號:F407.67 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2010)02-0032-05
A Heavy Weight IT Project Management Framework Based on Agile Theory
CHEN Jian-bin, FANG De-ying, SHI Tong
(Business College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100025, China)
Abstract:The heavyweight IT projects have so high complexity and uncertainty that the traditional process management method should be improved. In this paper, the attribute of complexity product system(CoPS) of IT project, the modularity of CoPS and its decompose, the dynamic process of IT product development have been discussed, then a heavyweight IT project management framework based on agile theory was proposed. It contains some models such as the concept model on stochastic Petri net for complex IT product decomposition, the behavior model for flexible team, just enough set of heavyweight method and the core process of agile development base on knowledge transfer. This framework can reflect the trend of traditional IT development method changing to agile method, and can to provide a basic management rule to improve the development efficiency and the quality of IT product.
Key words:IT project management; agile method; management framework; flexible team
1 引言
軟件危機推動了軟件工程思想成熟,20世紀80、90 年代,軟件項目開始使用可重復的規范過程,產生了以質量管理為核心、以軟件工程理論為基礎的嚴格有序的過程管理理論體系。軟件項目被定義為一個有序的、可重復的、可度量的、可嚴格控制的過程。SEI的CMM模型是這一階段過程管理思想的結晶,而且成為一套適用面很廣的通用過程實踐標準。但是,CMM及與其類似的ISO9000、SPICE等通常被認為是重載(Heavy Weight)過程,其出發點是為使軟件項目能應對不可預知的變化,采取繁復的管理工作抵御風險。CMM 重視系統性、制度化、文檔化和度量,強調提高過程的可靠性、可見性、可預測性和可管理性,實施CMM要求組織在過程制度化建設上付出大量努力。重載過程的工作集中在防止和跟蹤錯誤上,大量工作流程的制定,是為了保證項目不犯錯誤,因此,軟件過程越來越復雜,越來越龐大,重載過程的繁文縟節、組織臃腫、辦事低效、形式主義等等副作用越來越明顯[1]。……