中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行效率的內(nèi)生影響因素研究與實(shí)證

摘 要:本文以1998~2007年的14家中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行為樣本，在考慮銀行成本效率、技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模效率之間相互干擾的情況下，應(yīng)用聯(lián)立方程組分析了多種內(nèi)生因素對(duì)三類銀行效率的交叉影響。這統(tǒng)籌考慮了一種內(nèi)生要素對(duì)銀行多種效率的不同影響，可解決銀行多類效率影響因素分析中顧此失彼的問(wèn)題。實(shí)證表明:(1)中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)注重存款、固定資產(chǎn)等內(nèi)部資源配置的有效性;(2)增加銀行非信貸業(yè)務(wù)比重對(duì)改善中國(guó)銀行業(yè)效率具有積極意義;(3)存貸比、貸款占比、利息支出比、不良貸款率、分支機(jī)構(gòu)資產(chǎn)量等五個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行各類效率具有顯著影響;(4)規(guī)模效率對(duì)中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行業(yè)的成本效率和技術(shù)效率具有顯著的正向影響。

關(guān)鍵詞:商業(yè)銀行效率;內(nèi)生影響因素;聯(lián)立方程組;相依回歸

中圖分類號(hào):F830.33 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1003-5192(2010)02-0005-08

The Empirical Analysis on the Endogenous Influence Factors of

Chinese Commercial Bank Efficiencies

SUN Xiu-feng， CHI Guo-tai

(School of Management， Dalian University of Technology， Dalian 116024， China)

Abstract:With the sample of 14 Chinese banks ranging from 1998 to 2007， this paper analyses the influences of the endogenous factors to banks’ efficiencies with simultaneous equations based on considering the cross-interference of cost efficiency， technical efficiency and scale economy. It gives us a whole vision of how an endogenous factor makes impacts on different types of bank efficiency and works out the problem about analyzing some factors of different efficiencies simultaneously which redounds to find out methods to improve the efficiency of China commercial banks. The analysis results of this paper are as follows: (1)the managers of Chinese commercial banks must pay attention to the validity of inside bank-resource， such as deposits and fixed assets;(2)improving the proportion of non-credit operations can make more positive effect for improving the efficiencies of Chinese commercial banks;(3)the five factors of ratio of credits to deposits， the ratio of credits to total assets， the ratio of interest-expenditure to interest-income， non-performing ratio and assets of bank embranchment show the remarkable influence on Chinese commercial banks’ efficiencies;(4)the scale efficiency have remarkable positive influence on the cost efficiency and technical efficiency of Chinese commercial banks.

Key words:commercial bank efficiency; endogenous influence factor; simultaneous equations; seemingly unrelated regression

1 引言

商業(yè)銀行效率是其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的核心指標(biāo)和集中體現(xiàn)。針對(duì)商業(yè)銀行效率的研究由來(lái)已久，其焦點(diǎn)主要集中于開(kāi)發(fā)有效的效率度量方法、評(píng)價(jià)銀行效率狀況和探明實(shí)踐中的效率影響因素。從實(shí)踐角度看，銀行效率影響因素的研究意義明顯大于前兩者，其為銀行業(yè)改善經(jīng)營(yíng)措施、調(diào)整資源配置、提升經(jīng)營(yíng)效率等工作提供了重要參考。

國(guó)外學(xué)者對(duì)商業(yè)銀行效率影響因素構(gòu)成問(wèn)題研究較為寬泛。其中，對(duì)銀行資產(chǎn)規(guī)模影響問(wèn)題研究歷史最久，但結(jié)論并不統(tǒng)一。例如Berger實(shí)證指出美國(guó)銀行業(yè)存在銀行規(guī)模正向影響銀行效率的特征[1]，而Hermalin等則實(shí)證發(fā)現(xiàn)資產(chǎn)規(guī)模與銀行效率之間存在顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)[2]，近期Fotios研究發(fā)現(xiàn)較高的資本總額、貸款頻度都可增加銀行效率[3]。……