院士風采

化學家。江蘇儀征人。1925年畢業與南京高等師范學校和東南大學化學系。1948年獲美國羅徹斯特大學博士學位。中國科學院化學研究所和青海鹽湖研究所研究員、名譽所長。早年從事分子光譜研究，判定雙氰分子處于兩種共振狀態，是中國化學家研究光譜最早者之一。參與解決核燃料前、后處理中的化學問題，有諸多貢獻。開拓了中國鹽湖資源及其化學基礎的研究，組織綜合隊伍考察，并組建了青海鹽湖研究所。勘測研究了察爾汗鹽湖區富藏鉀鎂資源，發現了柴旦鹽湖區柱硼鎂石以及柴達木盆地若干點的鋰資源等，提出了從鹽湖鹵水分離制鉀和直接提取硼鋰資源的有效工藝，為鹽湖開發和西北地區建設作出了貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chem ist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Nan jing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University in 1925. Received Ph.D. from Rochester University, USA in 1948. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Chemistry and Tsinghua Institute of Saline Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Liu stud ied m olecu lar spectroscopy. He found the resonance state of bicyanomolecules. He was one of the early researchers dealing with spectroscopy in China. He solved a lot of chemical problems concerning nuclear fuel. He opened a new field of salt lake research in China, organized investigators to survey the resources, and set up the Institute of Saline Lakes. He and his co-workers found rich resources of potassium and magnesium in Chaidan Lake and lithium in Chaidamu basin. He proposed a rational process for the separation of lithium and boron from salt lakes. He comtributed a lot to the development in the northwest and salt lake areas.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯祥麟

1912.0 4.04～2008.12.08

化學工程學家。廣東汕頭人。1935年畢業于燕京大學化學系。1948年獲美國卡內基理工學院博士學位。中國石油天然氣總公司科技委副主任，中國石油化工總公司高級顧問。曾任石油工業部科技委員會主任，全面負責石油科研機構和隊伍的組建，科研計劃的管理；參與歷次國家和部門科技發展規劃的制訂、協調和實施，組織領導重大煉油新技術的科研攻關會戰，促進了中國煉油技術的發展，實現了主要油品立足國內，還領導解決了中國噴氣燃料的特殊技術問題，領導研制并組織供應尖端工業急需的各種潤滑材料等，為國民經濟和國防建設作出了貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Shantou, Guangdong Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1935. Received Ph.D. from Carnegie Institute of Technology, USA in 1948. Vice chairman, China National Petroleum Corporation, senior advisor, China Petro-Chemical Corporation, and chairman, Commission of Science and Technology, Ministry of Petroleum Industry.

Hou is the organizer and founder of scientific institutions in petroleum industry and also in charge of the planning and management. He participated in the formulation, coordination and implementation of S&T development plans at the national and departmental levels. He and his coworkers solved many key problems in oil industry to promote the development of China’s oil refining and achieved China’s selfsufficient supply of the main oil products. He also solved key problems in obtaining jet fuel and special lubricants used in new technology. He dedicated himself to the development of the national economy and national defense.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

張青蓮

1908.0 7.31～2006.12.14

化學家。江蘇常熟人。1936年獲德國柏林大學博士學位。北京大學教授。長期從事無機化學特別是有關同位素化學及重水的研究。成果大部分已總結于所發表的《從事同位素化學研究五十年》（1985）一文中，并為中國各種輕同位素的研究作出了貢獻。80年代以來系統地進行了原子量的精密測定工作，所測定銦原子量「114.818（3）」和銻原子量「121.760（1）」已被國際純粹與應用化學聯合會確定為新的國際標準數據（1991、1993）。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chem ist. Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. Received Ph.D. from the University of Berlin Germany in 1939. Professor, Peking University.

Zhang is engaged in the research on inorganic chemistry, particularly chem istry on isotopes and heavy water. His well-known publication “Fifty Years Research on Isotopes Chemistry”(1985) covers most of his results. He also contributed to China’s light isotope research and promoted the development in this field. Since the 1980s, he has systematically determined atomic weights. The accurate atomic weights of indium「114.818（3）」and antimony 「121.760（1）」have been adopted by IUPAC as new international standard data.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

趙承嘏

1885.1 2.11～1966.08.06

化學家。江蘇江陰人。少年應舉為秀才、廩生，后改從新學。1906年被錄取官費留學，1912年獲曼徹斯特大學碩士學位，1914年獲瑞士日內瓦大學博士學位。中國科學院藥物研究所研究員、所長。中國進行中草藥研究的先驅者。在生物堿的分離結晶方面有獨到之處。分離所得的延胡索素乙已正式列入藥典，在臨床上作為鎮痛鎮靜劑使用；分離所得常山堿丙素，具有高出奎寧148倍的抗虐活性；所分離的鉤吻素乙，可作為生理化學成分，得到了許多新生物堿結晶，其中部分推薦臨床食用。建立了一套系統研究整理祖國醫藥的科學方法，還曾解決了青霉素鉀鹽結晶的方法，使青霉素得以順利投產。指導設計試驗了一套局麻藥普魯卡因的合成工藝。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Was Xiucai and Linsheng (degrees of the old educational system) and then started his new education. Passed government examination and was sent ot Britain to continue his education by government financial support in 1906. Received M.Sc. from the University of Manchester, UK in 1921 and Ph.D. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland in 1914. Research professor and director, Institute of Materria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhao was the pioneering researcher of Chinese herbs and was specialized in the separation and crystallization of alkaloids. Corydaline-B separated by him has been collected into China’s pharmacopeia dictionary and used for analgesic in anti-malaria. Gelsemicine-B can be used for biological reagents. He studied about 30 different alkaloids sep arated from Ch inese herbs, some of which are new crystalline alkaloids and have been recommended for clinical use. He created scientific meth lds to study Chinese traditional medicine, solved the crystalline methld for potassium salt of penicillin in production and designed a new process for the production of procaine used for local anesthesia.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.