考慮流通損耗和期權合同的生鮮農產品供應鏈管理策略研究

摘 要：本文針對生鮮農產品流通中的雙重損耗，引入期權合同研究單周期兩階段供應鏈訂貨策略模型。首先假設市場需求受產品新鮮度影響，然后通過建模得到無期權、有期權時的零售商最優訂貨策略和供應商最優運送策略。通過比較，得到無期權時零售商最優產品訂貨量大于有期權時的最優產品訂貨量，小于有期權時的最優總訂貨量；有期權時零售商最大期望利潤大于無期權時的最大期望利潤；供應商成本控制下的最大期望利潤大于無期權時的最大期望利潤。最后由數值實驗得到：供應商的最大期望利潤與產品損耗率成反比、與產品批發價成正比。

關鍵詞：供應鏈管理策略；產品新鮮度；期權合同

中圖分類號：F274 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5192(2011)05-0042-06

Fresh Produce Supplier’s Pricing Decisions Research with

Circulation Wastage and Options Contracts

WANG Jing， CHEN Xu

(School of Management and Economics， University of Electronic Science Technology of China， Chengdu610054， China)

Abstract:The Options Contracts were introduced into the fresh produce supply chain ordering decision models， and the huge circulation wastages both from quantity and quality were taken into account the two stage models in one period. Firstly， it is supposed that the demand would be affected by the produce’s fresh degree. Secondly， the retailer’s optimal procurement decision and the supplier’s optimal carrying decision both without options case and with options case are gotten by building models. Thirdly， the conclusions are gotten after analyzed and compared with the models， the retailer’s optimal produce ordering quantity without options is more than the optimal produce ordering quantity with options， but less than the optimal total ordering quantity. The retailer’s maximum profit with options is more than the without options one， and the supplier’s maximum profit with options is more than the without options one under some conditions. Finally， the conclusion after numerical study is gained that the supplier’s maximum profit is negative correlative to the circulation wastage rate and positive correlative to the produce wholesale price.

Key words:supply chain management decisions; fresh degree; options contracts

1 引言

生鮮農產品，作為人們日常生活必需品，從整個國家到每一個人，它都占據著極其重要的地位。眾所周知，一方面從農田到餐桌，生鮮農產品必須經過長時間的流通運輸；但是，另一方面生鮮農產品極易腐爛、極易變質、生命周期短、產品鮮活程度要求高的獨有特性，導致其長時間流通的高風險性；我國每年在運送路上腐爛的果蔬3.7萬噸，可供養兩億人的生活［1］。因此，從供應鏈管理的角度，結合生鮮農產品特性和我國農產品供應鏈的現狀，如何有效進行生鮮農產品的風險管理已成為研究的重點和難點。

為更好地管理供應鏈的高額風險，期權合同的運用正變得愈加切實有效。相關的成功運用有IBM的打印機事業部［2］，Sun公司［3］和HP公司［4］。……