



摘 要:服務關系保持決策中辯識顧客隱性需求是難點之一。本文運用心理契約理論,通過揭示顧客對于服務商“責任”認知,進而探究出顧客對于關系中應享有“利益和權益”的需求與信念。在“責任”認知內涵、信息環境、信念形成等分析基礎上,提出了顧客心理契約中服務商“責任”需求要素假設,設計出“責任”認知量表。以三類服務行業為實證背景,通過問卷調查及數據分析,驗證得到:由服務規范、服務公平、人際溝通、共生發展構成的服務商“責任”結構,并初步分析出顧客對于美發、配鏡、航空客運三類服務商“責任”需求強度的差異性。
關鍵詞:服務關系;心理契約;隱性需求; 實證研究
中圖分類號:F713.50 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)05-0006-07
New Perspective on Customer Implicit Demand under the Service Relationship:
——Based on Business Responsibility Dimensions in Customer Psychological Contract
WAN Ying-hong1,2, YUE Ying1, JIANG Li-quan1
(1.School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; 2.Experiment Center for Management Teaching Learning(Demo-Center at State Level for Experiment Teaching), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)
Abstract:Customer implicit demands are difficult to identify in customer relationship retention strategies. This paper revealed customers’ cognition on business responsibility, to explore customer demand and belief on interests and rights, by using psychological contract theory. Then based on customer perceived business responsibility, information environment, cognition formation, we summarized the elements of business responsibility factors, to develop the corresponding questionnaire. Taking three service industries as the backgrounds, through investigation and data analysis, the empirical research proved the four-dimensional structure, i.e., service standard, service fairness, interpersonal communication, symbiosis development. Finally differences of customer demand strengths towards business responsibilities were analyzed.
Key words:service relationship; psychological contract; implicit demand; empirical research
1 引言
隨著服務行業競爭環境的加劇,辨識顧客需求已從顯性延伸至隱性需求, 與顧客隱性需求相契合的服務響應能力是顧客關系保持決策的新問題。大量實踐性研究表明[1,2]:顧客內心在對等交換認知作用下,除了顯性經濟契約表達的顧客需求,尚有內隱需求。一旦顧客感知這些內隱需求未滿足,往往會感到失望,產生負向態度、情緒,甚至中斷關系或轉換服務商。由于內隱需求具有模糊性、不完備性,增大了辨析的難度。
心理契約概念為探究顧客內隱需求開辟了一個新視角。心理契約理論最早被運用于揭示組織關系中員工與組織間彼此“責任和義務”認知與行為特性。主要研究內容:員工心理契約的內涵及維度、形成機理及影響因素、違背感知機理等,這些理論研究成果已成為組織關系良性發展實踐的重要依據。……