摘 要:本文假設在信息不對稱下由領導者和跟隨者的兩個航空公司提供互補型航空產品的壟斷市場里,每個航空公司掌握關于不確定性市場需求的私人預測信息,以此來決定是否與其他航空公司共享其預測信息。研究發現,完全信息共享沒有完美均衡,只有領導者航空公司高估跟隨者航空公司的需求預測值才會出現“雙贏”,否則信息共享對領導者有利,對跟隨者不利;為避免出現“信息共享滲漏效應”,我們提出“信息共享計劃”。研究結論將有助于互補型航空公司決策如何與其他航空共享其預測信息以及何種條件下信息共享價值較高。
關鍵詞:信息不對稱;斯坦科爾伯格;互補型航空產品
中圖分類號:F224.32 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)06-0069-05
Study on Strategic Choice of Complementary Airline Based on Stackelberg
Model under Information Asymmetry
JI Jie1,2, LONG Yong1
(1.School of Economic and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; 2.School of Social and Public Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China)
Abstract:We consider a duopoly market where two separate airlines offer complementary air products in a leader-follower type move under information asymmetry. Each airline has private forecast information about the uncertain market demand and decides whether to share it with the other airline. We show that information sharing would not result to perfect equilibrium under independent pricing. Only if the leader airline ’s estimation of the follower airline ’s forecast is higher compared to its true value, there would lead to a“win-win”situation for both airlines, otherwise, information sharing would benefit the leader airline but hurt the follower airline; We devise a“information sharing scheme”to avoid“information sharing leakage effect”. Our conclusion would help the airlines understand how they should share their individual forecasts with others and under which circumstances the value of information sharing is high.
Key words:information asymmetry; Stackelberg; complementary air products
1 引言
最近20年來,信息技術的發展迫使公司重塑與供應商和消費者的交互關系,表現為信息(如庫存、預測數據和銷售數據等信息)共享,并衍生出快速反映(QR)、持續補貨計劃(CRP)、預測與補貨(CPFR)等項目。Vives,Gal-Or,Villas-Boas,Raith研究了在一個寡頭壟斷的市場里,公司是否有與其競爭者共享其私人信息的動機[1~4],Blattberg和Hoch,Morrison和Schmittlein,Sarvary和Parker研究了如何綜合利用從不同渠道得到的信息[5~7]。國外學者主要從三個方面來探討信息共享對公司帶來的影響:信息共享對庫存管理的影響[8,9];信息共享對運營能力的影響10,11];信息共享對定價機制的影響[12,13]。然而信息共享可能會導致機會主義和剝奪行為[14]。在信息共享的情況下,一個關鍵問題就是信息接收方如何使用信息,以及在什么情況下信息共享是互利的。……