摘 要:選擇集對(duì)消費(fèi)行為的影響是近年國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)命題,其研究成果顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的理性選擇理論,重構(gòu)了消費(fèi)行為的新規(guī)則。消費(fèi)者的偏好不是既定的,而會(huì)受到選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,不同的選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者的信息處理和感知方式。本文結(jié)合最新的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展,構(gòu)建了選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)新的分類(lèi)體系,把選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分為量差結(jié)構(gòu)和同異結(jié)構(gòu),并以此整合了相關(guān)研究成果,從感知和推斷兩個(gè)方面揭示了多元選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為的影響機(jī)理。
關(guān)鍵詞:選擇集結(jié)構(gòu);偏好;誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng);折衷效應(yīng)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):F713.55 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1003-5192(2011)06-0008-05
Mechanism of Multi-choice Set Configuration Influence on Consumer Behavior
——System Reconstruct and Research Review
SUN Hong-jie1,2, CHOU Ting-jui3
(1.School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610081, China; 2.Strategical Planning College, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; 3.School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
Abstract:It is a hot topic about the influence of choice set on consumer behavior, and the new theory has defied the rational choice theory. Consumer ’s preference is not fixed, and it is influenced by choice set configuration. Choice set configuration affects consumer ’s methods of information process and perception. This paper discusses the mechanism of multi-choice set on consumer behavior, and puts forward a new taxonomy of choice set configuration. It integrates the new research home and abroad in the assort of quantity difference configuration and common-unique configuration, and disclose the mechanism of multi-choice set affects consumer behavior including perception and inference.
Key words:choice set configuration; preference; attraction effect; compromise effect
1 引言
選擇集對(duì)消費(fèi)行為的影響研究顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所遵循的傳統(tǒng)理性選擇理論(Rational Choice Theory ),揭示了選擇集構(gòu)成對(duì)消費(fèi)者偏好的影響,并日益成為國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)界的研究熱點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)理性選擇理論假定消費(fèi)者是有著明確偏好的理性決策者,其偏好是既定的,而不會(huì)受屬性的描述方式和選擇集結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。然而,構(gòu)建性偏好的觀點(diǎn)否認(rèn)個(gè)人在決策時(shí)依靠既定的偏好清單和恒定的運(yùn)算法則,而是認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者更像是通過(guò)臨時(shí)發(fā)展出的一系列策略來(lái)解決選擇問(wèn)題,當(dāng)場(chǎng)通過(guò)構(gòu)造或者再造可用信息來(lái)形成問(wèn)題描述[1]。構(gòu)建性偏好的觀點(diǎn)顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的理性選擇理論,認(rèn)為由于有限的信息處理能力,消費(fèi)者一般不存在明確的既定偏好,而是根據(jù)任務(wù)的需要通過(guò)一系列的策略來(lái)構(gòu)建偏好[2],因此消費(fèi)者的偏好往往不是既定的,而是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)性的、適應(yīng)性的、習(xí)得的、易變的和可操控的,容易受到選擇集的影響[3],選擇集的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的偏好產(chǎn)生系統(tǒng)性影響[4,5]。……