摘 要:考慮項目公司和貸方分別通過股本和貸款的方式參與BOT項目的無追索權或有限追索權融資,本文建立了一個BOT收益分配模型。根據該模型,給出了項目公司和貸方的各自參與約束,推導出BOT融資實施條件。通過對條件分析,將影響項目最優貸款實施的風險分為運營收益風險與融資結構風險,并研究這兩種風險對BOT融資實施的影響機理,從而獲得處理風險的相應對策。研究結果不僅為BOT融資實施提供理論指導,而且為政府對BOT項目風險管理提供了重要理論工具。
關鍵詞:BOT融資;參與約束;最優貸款;運營收益風險;融資結構風險
中圖分類號:F224.32;F505 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)06-0063-06
Research of Risks on Implementation of BOT Project Financing
Based on Participation Constraints
WU Xiao-ling1,2, ZHOU Jing1, WANG Ji-ning1,2
(1.School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China; 2.School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)
Abstract:When the project company and creditor respectively participate in the BOT project ’s limited recourse or non-recourse financing through the equity and credit, a model on the BOT project ’s revenue allocation is proposed to describe how to distribute the project ’s expected revenue between them. Their respective participation constraint is given based on the model,which yields the implementing condition of BOT financing. According to the condition, the risks influencing the project ’s optimal credit implementation are divided into both the operational revenue risk and the financing structure risk. By studying the mechanism of their impact on BOT financing implementation, some corresponding countermeasures are obtained to cope with the two kinds of risk. The obtained results not only provide the BOT financing implementation with a theoretical support but also offer some important risk management approaches to the BOT project for the government.
Key words:BOT financing; participation constraint; optimal credit; operational revenue risk; financing structure risk
1 引言
BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)是國際上近十幾年來逐漸興起的一種基礎設施建設的融資模式,其具體含義是指項目所在國政府為解決財政緊張問題而將項目的建設和經營以特許權協議形式轉讓給私人投資者組建的項目公司,由項目公司負責安排融資,開發建設項目,并在特許權期內經營項目獲取商業利潤,然后根據特許權協議再將項目移交給政府[1,2]。 在BOT模式下, 項目公司承擔項目的所有經營風險以期獲得豐厚回報,而政府則可從項目公司的先進技術和管理中獲益以實現較大社會效益[3]。BOT融資模式已被廣泛應用于一些大型工程項目的資金籌集,它是以BOT項目未來運營收益作抵押而取得的一種無追索權或有限追索權的貸款[3,4]。無追索權融資是指貸方不能獲得項目以外的資金或資產,只能靠項目的未來收益作為還貸的唯一來源,但BOT項目的高風險性使得無追索權融資很難被貸方同意。……