基于雙市場的電能與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)激勵(lì)減排機(jī)制研究

摘 要：雙邊競價(jià)電力市場中，設(shè)計(jì)一種兼顧激勵(lì)發(fā)電商減少市場力和污染排放的機(jī)制已經(jīng)成為進(jìn)一步深化改革的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。本文鑒于電能生產(chǎn)和污染排放的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，依據(jù)電能生產(chǎn)單位排放量，把電力產(chǎn)品分為兩個(gè)等級(jí)，并分別構(gòu)建了不同的電力市場，進(jìn)而提出一種基于雙市場的電能與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)激勵(lì)減排機(jī)制。采取隨機(jī)高低匹配機(jī)制競價(jià)，且政府在不同的電力市場中采取對(duì)應(yīng)的策略激勵(lì)發(fā)電商減排。仿真結(jié)果表明，與單一市場相比，雙市場的協(xié)調(diào)激勵(lì)減排機(jī)制采用電力產(chǎn)品差異化方式干擾了發(fā)電商之間的共謀信息，從而達(dá)到激勵(lì)發(fā)電商減少市場力和污染排放的雙重效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：協(xié)調(diào)激勵(lì)；高低匹配；環(huán)境污染；市場力；雙市場

中圖分類號(hào)：TM715;F123.9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1003-5192(2011)06-0053-06

Research on Incentive Bidding Mechanism to Coordinate the Electric Power

and Environment Based on Two Markets

WANG En-chuang， REN Yu-long， YANG Fei-fei

(College of Economics and Business Administration， Chongqing University， Chongqing 400030， China)

Abstract:In bilateral bidding power market， designing a good electricity price mechanism that can stimulate the power generators to reduce the market power and pollution emissions is the core of the reform. Considered the internal links of energy production and pollution emissions，according to the unit emissions in the electric power production， the electricity products is divided into two classifications and different electric power markets are set up. Then， the paper proposes an incentive electricity price mechanism that based on two markets model and the signal transduction to coordinate the electric power and environment. In high-low random matching mechanism， The government adopts the corresponding strategy to incent the power generator to reduce the pollution emissions in the different electric power market. Through the simulation methods of Swarm， compared with the single market， interfere the information of generators agreement by distinguishing the difference of electric power products. Therefore， the power generator can be induced well to reduce the market power and pollution emissions.

Key words:coordinate incentive; high-low matching; environmental pollution; market power; two markets model

1 引言

隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長的巨大能源需求，作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)性行業(yè)的電力顯得尤為重要。然而發(fā)電行業(yè)所造成的環(huán)境污染也給社會(huì)帶來一系列問題，其中尤以火力發(fā)電廠的污染排放甚為嚴(yán)重。伴隨著石油危機(jī)的進(jìn)一步惡化，世界上許多國家由燃油發(fā)電轉(zhuǎn)向燃煤發(fā)電，這勢必造成環(huán)境污染的進(jìn)一步惡化。同時(shí)，在電力市場雙邊競價(jià)過程中，大的發(fā)電商基于利益驅(qū)動(dòng)，往往會(huì)持續(xù)地影響和操縱市場價(jià)格及電量，使其偏離自由競爭狀態(tài)下的情形。因此，在當(dāng)前壟斷市場力問題尚未解決的情況下，如何通過設(shè)計(jì)良好的市場機(jī)制在約束發(fā)電商的市場力的同時(shí)激勵(lì)發(fā)電商減排，促進(jìn)電能與環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展是管理者面臨的重要課題［1］。……