摘 要:越來越多的商業銀行在政府的鼓勵和自身商業利益驅動下,研究并提供基于供應鏈金融的中小企業融資,其中動產融資是商業銀行為中小企業提供金融服務的較好切入點。但是,2007年《物權法》頒布后,同一動產既能夠進行質押,也能夠進行抵押,由于現有國內法律體系的缺失,容易造成同一動產下多個擔保權沖突,從而導致銀行擔保物權落空,這種憂慮已經成為商業銀行開展中小企業動產擔保融資業務的重要障礙。本文深入分析了這種沖突產生的原因及不利影響,并從國內物權法的法律實踐出發,對比其他大陸法系國家物權法的相關處理規定,提出強化商業銀行的風險控制手段、提升中小企業的法律認識、完善物權法司法解釋和動產擔保登記查詢體系等多方面建議,推動解決中小企業融資難問題。
關鍵詞:中小企業; 供應鏈金融; 動產; 擔保
中圖分類號:F832.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)06-0030-05
The Law Conflict and Suggestions of Minor Enterprise Financing Based Chattel Hypothec
WU Jian-xiong
(Management School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510400, China)
Abstract:More and more commercial banks, which are both supported by government and drove by self interests, research and provide minor enterprise financing based on supply-chain finance, in which chattel hypothec financing is regarded as good service for minor enterprise. But, since property law has been issued in 2007, chattel can be as both pledge and mortgage ,which therefore may rise conflict between different hypothec because of the deficiency of civil law system. So commercial banks nowadays are worrying about the conflict. This paper deeply discusses the reasons of conflict and negative influence, and provides specific suggestions to develop minor enterprise financing based chattel hypothec including intensifying the risk control of commercial banks, strengthening the law knowledge of minor enterprise, completing the judicial interpretation of property law and uniform chattel hypothec registering inquiring system.
Key words:minor enterprise; supply-chain finance; chattel; hypothec
1 引言
中小企業融資難問題在美國次債危機引發的全球金融危機背景下顯得尤為突出,包括政府、學術界、金融機構等都在為解決此問題而不懈努力。商業銀行,作為中小企業融資的主要力量,近幾年也將基于資產支持擔保的物流金融業務作為開展中小企業金融業務的切入點,開展了一系列探索。
一方面,中小企業因為土地、廠房等傳統不動產擔保品缺乏,導致難以達到銀行傳統審貸標準而出現融資難;另一方面,中小企業的庫存快速增加導致流動資金更加緊張。……