摘 要:外債的適度規(guī)模對一國的經(jīng)濟(jì)有著重要的意義,那么哪些因素影響我國的外債規(guī)模?本文概括了外債所涉及三類運(yùn)作渠道的相關(guān)因素,運(yùn)用時間序列的協(xié)整檢驗以及Granger因果檢驗方法檢驗影響我國長短期外債規(guī)模的因素。結(jié)論得出:影響長期外債規(guī)模的為財政盈余;影響短期外債的為財政支出、國家預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資、城鄉(xiāng)儲蓄總額以及熱錢的流入,而短期外債也會反作用于外匯儲備與財政收入;外債總額促進(jìn)了GDP的增加。
關(guān)鍵詞:外債規(guī)模;協(xié)整檢驗;Granger因果檢驗
中圖分類號:F812.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)03-0027-05
Empirical Analysis of China’s Foreign Debt Scale and Its Influencing Factors
LI Yan-ni, RAN Mao-sheng
(College of Economics Business Administration, Chongqin University, Chongqin 400030, China)
Abstract:The modest size of foreign debt on a country’s economy is significant, then what factors affect the scale of China’s foreign debt? This paper summarizes correlative factors through the three types of channel which the operation of external debt are involved in. The methods of cointegration tests and Granger tests are used to analyze the factors to act on the long-term and the short-term external debts. The conclusions are drawn: the fiscal surplus Granger cause the long-term foreign debt; the state budget investment in fixed assets, the total urban rural savings and hot money cause the short-term debt to change. At same time the short-term debt will also work back on foreign exchange reserves and fiscal revenue; external debt promotes the increase of the GDP.
Key words:external debt scale; cointegration test; Granger test
1 引言
一個國家的外債,對這個國家來說是一種外在的資本資源,它可以補(bǔ)充國內(nèi)資金來源不足,有助于提高國內(nèi)資本形成的速度, 提高投資率,尤其是在這個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛階段,這一力量的作用往往是巨大的。從這個角度講,外債是一國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一種外推力量。而當(dāng)其規(guī)模相對偏小時,則這種外推力量不足,不能滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求,對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展來說也是一種隱性風(fēng)險。而過多則存在償付危機(jī),最終有可能導(dǎo)致一國的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),1997年的東南亞金融危機(jī)、俄羅斯債務(wù)危機(jī)以及最近的希臘債務(wù)危機(jī)等就是這樣的例子。
我國外債自1985年開始不斷增長,隨著GDP不斷增加,外債的增長率在不斷下降,到2000年首次出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長率。隨后幾年又出現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定態(tài)勢。在美國次貸危機(jī)后,各國經(jīng)濟(jì)都受到不同程度的影響,2008年我國外債相對2007年增長率僅為0.2%,而2007年這一數(shù)值為15%,隨著各國對經(jīng)濟(jì)出臺的刺激計劃,經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷回暖,2009年外債增長率上升至9.9%。……