摘 要:本文依據創新和公平理論,對比分析變革型與交易型領導影響員工創新的情境限制,以289位主管及759位員工為樣本,采用跨層次方法進行實證檢驗。結果表明:變革型與交易型領導行為具有相關關系,但二者影響員工創新的作用情境和作用機制存在較大差異;通常情況下,變革型領導通過組織創新氛圍和LMX平均水平的跨層次中介作用,正向影響員工創新行為,但此種領導行為也可能導致團隊內LMX差異水平的擴大,進而形成阻礙創新的“圈內及圈外人”的差序氛圍;交易型領導對員工創新的直接作用不顯著,但此種領導行為可以提升組織分配公平,進而正向調節員工創新水平。研究結論為領導者準確把握不同領導行為的適用情境提供了實證依據,具有較強的實踐意義。
關鍵詞:領導行為;員工創新;跨層次影響
中圖分類號:C933 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)03-0042-06
A Study of Cross-level Analysis Mechanism on the Relationship betweenLeadership Behavior and Employee Behavior
HUO Wei-wei, LUO Jin-lian
(School of Economics Management, Tong ji University, Shanghai 201804, China)
Abstract:Drawing on theory of innovation and social justice, this study compares the situational limitations of transformational and transactional leader behavior on employee innovation behavior. With a sample of 289 leaders and 759 employees, and conducting cross-level analyses, the results show that: transformational and transactional leadership behaviors are positively correlated, but the both affect employee innovation behavior with different situational limitations and mechanism; typically, transformational leadership cross-level positive impact on employee innovation behavior through organizational innovation climate and LMX average, however, such behavior may also increase the difference of LMX, form “insiders and outsiders” cha xu atmosphere which reduce innovation behavior; transactional leadership does not directly affect employee innovation, but enhance the level of innovation by improving distributive justice in organizations. The conclusion provides an empirical basis for understanding of the application situations of different leadership behaviors, with a strong practical significance.
Key words:leadership behavior; employee innovation; cross-level analysis
1 引言
近年來,關于變革型與交易型領導行為影響員工創新的研究正逐漸增多。同時,現有的研究呈現以下趨勢:(1)多數學者僅從單獨一種類型的領導行為入手以考察其對員工創新的影響,導致了不同研究情景下研究結論之間的矛盾。一部分研究認為,僅有變革型領導促進員工創新,交易型領導甚至有負面作用
[1];而亦有研究證明,交易型領導的權變獎勵也能正向影響員工的態度和行為[2]。(2)絕大多數學者遵循西方經典的社會交換理論以考察領導行為的作用效果[3],然而,在“不患寡而患不均”的中國情境下,組織公平很可能是被遺漏的重要情境因素。……