摘 要:雖然金融危機的沖擊暫時緩解了我國貿易失衡的表象,但危機過后,貿易失衡的結構性問題卻依然突出。本文基于我國出口品市場結構,建立了一個可競爭條件下貿易收支決定的簡約模型和實證檢驗方程。在協整檢驗的基礎上建立向量誤差修正模型(VECM),對各變量的沖擊進行脈沖響應函數分析。結果顯示,我國出口產品的市場結構的確與貿易收支之間存在內在的聯系。
關鍵詞:可競爭產品;貿易收支;人民幣匯率;市場結構
中圖分類號:F7 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)02-0017-04
The Contestable Products、Trade Balance and RMB Exchange Rate:
The Research on China’s Export Market Structure
HU Jing1, LI Tian-dong2
(1.Economics and Management College, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2.Institute for Financial Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)
Abstract:Although the strike from financial crisis temporarily eased the appearance of China’s trade imbalance, however after the crisis, structural problems of trade imbalance are still outstanding. The assumption that China’s main exports are fully competitive cannot be denied. On this basis, this paper constructed a simple model how the trade balance decided and an empirical examination equation in fully competitive conditions. Based on co-integration test, the paper established a vector error correction model(VECM)to analyze the impact of the variables’ change in the impulse response function. The empirical analysis shows that China’ trade balance was intrinsically linked with the market structure of exports indeed.
Key words:contestable products; trade balance; RMB exchange rate; market structure
1 引言
雖然由于世界經濟面臨二次探底的風險,我國出口形勢依然面臨一些不確定性,但是隨著海外經濟的日益好轉,我國的出口將會得到繼續改善,而與此同時國內經濟增速已達到較高水平,再加上房地產等調控措施的實施,內需加速增長的可能性不大,可以預計貿易順差仍將是我國對外貿易的主旋律,貿易失衡并沒有在危機中得到根本性的解決。
貿易順差的持續累積已成為我國經濟的一個基本特征。西方經濟學家大多認為人民幣低估是最重要的原因,因此建議人民幣加快升值[1,2]。根據經濟學的解釋,一國貨幣升值提高了本國出口產品的相對價格,降低了出口產品的國際競爭力,有利于緩解一國貿易順差。因此,匯率成為改善一國貿易收支的首要因素。另一影響一國貿易收支的重要因素是收入。傳統理論強調收入變化通過需求影響貿易收支的機制。……