摘 要:本文就管理者—員工縱向信任行為的問題,在一般化假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了同時(shí)考慮了員工的物質(zhì)效用和互惠心理效用的序貫互惠“囚徒困境”博弈模型,進(jìn)行了定量的分析,分析結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)管理者首先實(shí)施不信任行為時(shí),若員工具有完全理性或互惠動(dòng)機(jī)不夠大時(shí),員工傾向于選擇實(shí)施不信任行為;而當(dāng)管理者首先實(shí)施信任行為時(shí),如果員工互惠動(dòng)機(jī)足夠大,則員工會選擇實(shí)施信任行為,如果員工的互惠動(dòng)機(jī)處于兩者之間時(shí),則會以一定概率實(shí)施信任行為。
關(guān)鍵詞:管理者—員工縱向信任;互惠;序貫博弈;囚徒困境
中圖分類號:F224.32 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2011)02-0046-05
Analysis on Manager-employee Longitudinal Trust Behavior
——Based on Prisoner’s Dilemma Game Model of Sequential Reciprocity
QIAN Jun-feng1,2, PU Yong-jian1
(1.College of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; 2.Public Finance and Finance School, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China)
Abstract:The paper constructs a prisoner’s dilemma game model of sequential reciprocity considering both material utility and reciprocity psychological utility of employees based on the general hypothesis and makes a quantificational analysis. The results show that employees who are rational or don’t have enough reciprocity motivation won’t conduct trust behavior after the mistrust behavior conducted by manager. The employees who have enough reciprocity motivation will conduct trust behavior after trust behavior conducted by manager and they will conduct trust behavior with certain probability when their reciprocity motivation lies between two cases above.
Key words:manager-employee longitudinal trust; reciprocity; sequential game; prisoner’s dilemma
1 引言
管理者—員工縱向信任(Longitudinal Trust)對于企業(yè)管理具有重要意義。科斯指出雇主對雇員的相關(guān)信任關(guān)系有利于減少組織內(nèi)部的交易成本[1]。Bennis和Nanus指出,信任是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和部屬之間的一種情感“膠合劑”[2]。Mishra和Robinson指出信任可以有效降低管理事務(wù)的處理成本、防范投機(jī)行為,而且能降低對未來的不確定性,促使組織內(nèi)部的資源做更合理的運(yùn)用,從而提高組織效能[3,4]。Rich指出,管理者信任將會直接導(dǎo)致員工滿意度和組織承諾的增加[5]。Dirks和Ferrin、Mayer和Gavin認(rèn)為,如果員工對管理者缺乏信任,員工將不愿意受到管理者的約束,他們的認(rèn)知資源將會集中于非生產(chǎn)性的事件中,特別是集中于自我保護(hù)和防御性行為方面,從而導(dǎo)致組織績效的降低[6,7]。
國內(nèi)學(xué)者蔡翔等和李晉對組織內(nèi)部縱向信任的影響因素進(jìn)行了分析[8,9],于海波等研究了組織信任對員工態(tài)度和離職意向、組織財(cái)務(wù)績效的影響[10],鄭曉濤等、萬迪昉等和韋慧民等對管理者的信任行為對員工的行為和績效的影響進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究[11~13]。……