溫來友,陳建慶,繆建中,胡永明,吳 震,李以飛
東南大學醫學院附屬江陰醫院麻醉科,江蘇江陰 214400
瑞芬太尼在支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術中的應用
溫來友,陳建慶,繆建中,胡永明,吳 震,李以飛
東南大學醫學院附屬江陰醫院麻醉科,江蘇江陰 214400
目的:研究瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥在聲帶摘除術應用的可行性。方法:將60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級聲帶息肉患者,隨機分為瑞芬太尼組(A組)和羅庫溴銨組(B組),每組30例,記錄誘導前、誘導后、插管即刻、術始、術畢時的HR、MAP變化,觀察支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運動情況,記錄手術時間、停藥后呼吸恢復時間和拔管時間。結果:誘導后、插管即刻、術始、術畢時的A組HR、MAP顯著比B組降低(P<0.05),與入室比較,A組MAP較B組穩定(P<0.05),A組HR 明顯降低(P<0.05),B 組顯著升高(P<0.05),與誘導前比較,誘導后兩組 HR、MAP 均顯著降低(P<0.05)。A 組呼吸恢復時間和拔管時間明顯短于B組(P<0.05)。結論:瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥應用于聲帶摘除術安全可靠,術后呼吸恢復時間和拔管時間短,提高手術效率。
瑞芬太尼;肌松藥;聲帶息肉
顯微支撐喉鏡下對聲帶息肉進行切除能最大限度地徹底清除聲帶病變組織,盡可能減少對聲帶的損傷,具有創面小、術后恢復快、不發生聲帶粘連等優點[1]。手術常在全麻下操作,麻醉誘導常規應用非去極化肌松藥,術后呼吸恢復時間較長,影響手術臺次周轉。研究表明,瑞芬太尼已成為肌松藥的替代藥應用于麻醉誘導和維持[2],筆者應用瑞芬太尼替代羅庫溴銨,也取得了滿意的麻醉效果,現報道如下:
選擇ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級擇期在全麻下行支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉切除術患者60例,高血壓、冠心病、肺部疾患、心動過緩等排除在外,術前評估無氣管內插管困難,其中,男27例,女33例;年齡24~62歲。隨機分為瑞芬太尼組(A組)和羅庫溴銨組(B 組),每組 30例。
術前30 min肌注地西泮10 mg,阿托品0.5 mg,入室后監測EKG、NBP、SpO2、PetCO2。 麻醉誘導A組靜注咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、異丙酚 2 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼 0.6 g/kg(靜注時間>60 s),B 組靜注注咪唑安定 0.1mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、異丙酚2mg/kg、羅庫溴銨0.6mg/kg,麻醉維持兩組均持續泵入異丙酚 5mg/(kg·h)、瑞芬太尼 0.3 g/(kg·h)。 術后 B 組應用新斯的明0.01~0.02mg/kg、阿托品0.5mg拮抗肌松藥的殘余作用,A組不用拮抗藥。
記錄誘導前、誘導后、插管即刻、術始、術畢時的HR、MAP變化,觀察支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運動情況,記錄停藥后呼吸恢復時間和拔管時間(呼吸恢復到導管拔除)。
采用SPSS 10.0統計軟件,計量資料以均數±標準差(±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析,計數資料采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
與誘導前比較,A組HR各時間點均顯著降低(P<0.05);MAP僅是誘導后顯著下降(P<0.05),但插管即刻、術始、術畢時無明顯差異(P>0.05);與誘導前比較,B組誘導后HR、MAP均顯著降低(P<0.05),但插管即刻、術始、術畢時卻顯著上升(P<0.05);與B組比較,誘導后、插管即刻、術始、術畢時A組的 HR、MAP 均明顯降低(P<0.05),見表 1。
表1 兩組各時間點HR、MAP變化比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)

表1 兩組各時間點HR、MAP變化比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)
注:與 B 組比較,*P<0.05;與誘導前比較,ΔP<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05;compared with the time point of before induction,ΔP<0.05
組別 參數 誘導前 誘導后 插管即刻 術始 術畢A組B組HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)79.15±1.81 82.35±2.41 77.65±3.08 82.40±2.70 64.50±1.88*Δ 76.50±2.09*Δ 68.25±2.61Δ 79.15±1.81Δ 69.05±3.30*Δ 83.10±2.83*85.80±4.49Δ 90.20±3.74Δ 69.35±2.74*Δ 82.70±2.64*84.25±2.10Δ 88.30±4.38Δ 72.35±2.35*Δ 82.40±2.37*82.20±2.28Δ 85.95±2.19Δ
兩組手術時間、支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運動情況無差別(P>0.05),A 組呼吸恢復時間和拔管時間明顯快于 B 組(P<0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組呼吸恢復時間、拔管時間、聲帶運動情況比較(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)

表2 兩組呼吸恢復時間、拔管時間、聲帶運動情況比較(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)
注:與 B 組比較,*P<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05
組別 手術時間(min)呼吸恢復時間(min)拔管時間(min)聲帶運動(例)A組B組7.15±1.18 6.68±1.04 5.20±0.83*10.35±1.73 2.65±0.67*4.90±0.85 0 0
支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術對咽喉部刺激較強且要求聲門顯露滿意,對麻醉要求較高,需要較深麻醉,否則會引起迷走神經反射嗆咳、支氣管痙攣[3]。支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術要求有一定的麻醉深度抑制氣管插管、支撐喉鏡置放、手術操作引起的交感腎上腺髓質興奮,但對肌送的要求不高,只需抑制聲帶運動即可。常規全麻下應用肌松藥可消除聲帶運動,但術后蘇醒較慢并延長機械通氣時間,影響手術臺次周轉。
瑞芬太尼主要通過組織和血液中非特異性酯酶代謝,具有起效快,消除半衰期短,清除率不受性別、體重、年齡影響,也不依賴于肝腎功能等特點,無蓄積作用,鎮痛作用強,可控性好,聯合咪唑安定提供滿意的氣管插管條件和穩定的血流動力學[4],有利于手術操作。A組誘導后各時間點MAP、HR均較B組明顯下降,說明瑞芬太尼能有效地抑制各種應激反應,提高滿意的麻醉深度。和誘導前比較,HR明顯下降,但MAP比較穩定,可能與瑞芬太尼劑量依賴性抑制兒茶酚胺的釋放有關,且靜脈注射速度大于60 s,瑞芬太尼對循環的影響很小[5]。瑞芬太尼與異丙酚合用而不用肌松藥麻醉誘導,能提供滿意的插管條件[6-7]而無聲帶運動,術中持續泵入瑞芬太尼和異丙酚,能夠有效抑制應激反應和聲帶運動,便于手術操作[8]。羅庫溴銨是一快速起效、中等作用時效的非去極化肌松藥,0.6 mg/kg羅庫溴銨的作用時間為30~40 min,對于短小手術,呼吸恢復時間、拔管時間較長。
綜上所述,瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥誘導能夠安全有效用于支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術,既能保持合適的麻醉深度,又能在術后短時間內迅速蘇醒,是支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術較為理想的麻醉方法。
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Adm inistration of Rem ifentanil in vocal cord polyps extirpation
WENLaiyou,CHENJianqing,MIAOJianzhong,HUYongming,WUZhen,LIYifei
Department of Anesthesiology,Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to South-east Univercity Medical College,Jiangyin 214400,China
Objective:To study administration of Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants in vocal cord polyps extirpation.Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients with vocal cord polyps were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases each group.The patients were injected intravenously Remifentanil 0.6 g/kg in group A and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in group B during anaesthetic induction.The hemodynamics during anaesthetic induction,at intubation,cutting and operation completed were recorded.Time of resuscitation,extubation,operation and vocal cord polypsmovement after laryngoscope inserted were observed.Results:The HR,MAP of group A were lower than those of group B at post-induction,intubation,cutting and operation completed(P<0.05).Compared with preoperation,the MAP of group A wasmore stable than that of group B(P<0.05),HR of group A decreased significantly,and that of group B increased significantly(P<0.05).The HR,MAP in two groups after induction decreased significantly compared with before induction.In group A,the resuscitation time was shorter and the quality of resuscitation was better than those in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants under general anaesthesia can be used safely and effectively in vocal cord polyps extirpation with short resuscitation time and better quality of resuscitation.
Remifentanil;Muscle relaxants;Vocal cord polyps
R971+.2
B
1673-7210(2011)03(b)-083-02
2010-12-17)