院士風(fēng)采

植物學(xué)家。江蘇武進(jìn)人。1925年獲金陵大學(xué)理學(xué)士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)研植物研究所研究員。早年創(chuàng)建廬山森林植物園。曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)云南金雞納和橡膠宜林地勘察和育苗造林工作。畢生致力于蕨類植物研究，為中國(guó)蕨類學(xué)之父。1940年發(fā)表《水龍骨科的自然分類》，將占真蕨種數(shù)90%的一個(gè)十分龐雜的水龍骨科劃分為33科，249屬，震動(dòng)了當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)際蕨類學(xué)界并產(chǎn)生了極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響，因而獲荷屬印尼隆福氏生物學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他編寫(xiě)了第一本中國(guó)植物志和許多專著。1978年修訂發(fā)表了他1954年設(shè)計(jì)的中國(guó)蕨類植物系統(tǒng)，為全國(guó)各標(biāo)本館采用，他建立的科相繼為國(guó)際同行所接受。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Botanist and founder of Chinese pteridology. Born in Wujin,Jiangsu Province. Received BS from Jinling University in 1925.Research professor and director, Department of Phytotaxonomy and Phytogeography, Institute of Botany, Chinaese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Qin established the Lushan Arboretum and Botanical Garden and led to prospect the suitable area for growing seedlings and afforesting Cjinchona and rubber trees in Yunnan.He was engaged in pteridology in all his life. He published “On the Natural Classification of the Family, Polypodiaceae” in 1940, in which Polypodiaceae, the largest and confused family containing 90% of the total fern spjecies, was divided into 33 families with 249 genera. This achievement made a powerful impact on the pteridology circles, exerted profound and lasting influence on the development of fern taxonomy,and was given the Longfu’s Biology Prize. In 1978, he compiled“The Chinese Fern Families and Genera: Systematic Arrangement and Historical Origin”, which was adopted by all of the herbaria in China and accepted by international colleagues successively. This work won the first class prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Science and State Science and Technology Commission.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

錢崇澍1883.11.11～1965.12.28

植物學(xué)家。浙江海寧人。1914年畢業(yè)于美國(guó)伊利諾伊大學(xué)大學(xué)自然科學(xué)院，后又在芝加哥大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，獲芝加哥大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所研究員、所長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)近代植物學(xué)的開(kāi)拓者之一。在中國(guó)最早發(fā)表了有關(guān)植物分類學(xué)、植物生理學(xué)、地植物學(xué)和區(qū)系學(xué)的著作；對(duì)蘭科、蕁麻科、豆科、毛莨科等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分類學(xué)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多新種；對(duì)中國(guó)的許多植物科屬分類、森林植物及一些地區(qū)的植物區(qū)系和植被做了深入的考察，采集了大量標(biāo)本；與胡先·等植物學(xué)家創(chuàng)建了中國(guó)早期的植物學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)和學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體，編寫(xiě)了中國(guó)第一本大學(xué)生物系教科書(shū)《高等植物學(xué)》。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Botanist. Born in Haining, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the College of Natural Sciences, University of Illinois, USA in 1914 and later studied in the University of Chicago and Harvard University.Received MS from the University of Chicago. Professor and director,Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Qian was one of the founders of modern botany in China. He was the first to publish works on plant taxonomy, plant physiology,geobotany and florology in China. He made systematical studies on the families of Orchidaceae, Urticaceae, Leguminocae, and Ranunculaceae and found many new species. He made collections and investigations on the taxonomy of families and genus, forest plants and the flora and vegetation in many areas of China. Together with other botanists such as Hu Xianxiao, he established the early research institutions and academic societies in China and wrote “Advanced Botany”, the first textbook in China for college students in biology.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

殷宏章1908.10.01～1992.11.30

植物生理學(xué)家。原籍貴州貴陽(yáng)，生于山東兗州。1929年畢業(yè)于南開(kāi)大學(xué)。1938年獲美國(guó)加州理工學(xué)院博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海植物生理研究所研究員、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。發(fā)現(xiàn)了對(duì)植物突然改變光強(qiáng)、光質(zhì)時(shí)，光合作用也發(fā)生瞬間變化，進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證光合作用有兩個(gè)光化學(xué)反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)；參加領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了抗菌素的生產(chǎn)和研究；1959年創(chuàng)建了我國(guó)第一個(gè)光合作用實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在光合作用磷酸化的機(jī)理，尤其是其中高能中間態(tài)的存在和性質(zhì)方面，取得了重要進(jìn)展；利用自己發(fā)明的組織化學(xué)方法，弄清了磷酸化酶在植物器官和組織中的分布，又證明植物體內(nèi)存在磷酸化酶，而光照下由糖變淀粉的過(guò)程是與磷酸化有關(guān)的。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Plant physiologist. Born in Yanzhou, Shandong Province.Graduated from Nankai University. Received Ph.D. from California Insititute of Technology, USA in 1938. Research professor and honorary director, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yin found that the rate of photosynthesis of Elodea changes transiently at the moment when the color of light is shifted and further proved that photosynthesis has two photochemistry reaciion systems.He coordinated the research and development in antibiotic production and established China’s first photosynthesis laboratory, which made important progress in the understanding of the mechanism of photosynthetic phosphorylation, especially the existence and character of a high-energy intermediate state. Using tissue chemistry method invented by himself, he clarified the phosphorylase in plant organs and tissues, demonstrated the occurrence of phosphorylase in the plant, and showed that the formation of starch from sugar under illumination was related to phosphorylation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

涂 治1901.08～1976.03

農(nóng)學(xué)家。湖北黃陂忍1924年畢業(yè)于北京清華大學(xué)。1929年獲美國(guó)明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)研究員博士學(xué)位。八一農(nóng)學(xué)院教授、院長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)科學(xué)院新疆分院第一副院長(zhǎng)，新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)，新疆科協(xié)主席。對(duì)新疆的教育與科學(xué)事業(yè)及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展作出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)；積極推廣草田輪作制，單倍體育育種及灌溉、水稻塑料薄膜育秧等先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Agriculturist. Born in Huangpi, Hubei Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1924. Received Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota, USA in 1929. Director, Xinjiang Agriculture and Forestry Bureau and Xinjiang Agrucultural Bureau, vice president, Xinjiang Association of Science and Technology, professor and president,August Ist Agricultural College, first vice president, Xinjiang Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, president, Xinjaing Acasemy of Agricultural Sciences, chairman, Xinjiang Science Society, and member, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Tu made an active contribution to the education, sciences and the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang. He popularized actively advanced agricultural technologies, such as forage-field crop rotation, haploid breeding, spriinkling irrigation, filmmulched rece nursery, etc..

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.