院士風采

張文佑

1909.08.31～1985.02.11

地質學家。河北唐山人。1934年畢業于北京大學地質系。1945年赴美、英等國考察研究。中國科學院地質研究所研究員、所長、名譽所長。50余年共發表170余篇論著。創立斷裂體系和斷塊大地構造學說，對斷塊理論和地質力學做出了重要貢獻。參加了把我國油氣勘探基地由西部東移的戰略決策，他提出的“定凹探邊”、“定凹探隆”的建議為大慶和其他油田的開發做出了貢獻。他的《斷塊構造導論》是斷塊學說的代表作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Geologist. Born in Tangshan, Hebei Province. Graduated from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1934. Made an investigation to the USA and British in 1945. R esearch professor,director and honorary director, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his research career of more than 50 years, Zhang published more than 170 treatises, established the fracture system and faultblock earth-conformation theory and made important contributions to the plate hypothesis and geomechanics. He took part in the making of the strategic decision to shift China’s focus of oil-gas exploration from the west to the east. The proposals of “Depression-delimiting to marginal exploration”, “Depression-delimiting to uplift exploration”made by him contributed a lot of the exploration of Daqing and other oil fields and his treatise “Introduction to Fault-Block Conformation” is the representative work to the fault-conformation theory.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

武 衡

1914.03.18～1999.01.15

地質學家。江蘇徐州人。1934年入清華大學地質系學習。國家科學技術委員會副主任、中國科學院學部主席團名譽主席、全國地層委員會主任。50年代主持籌建了中國科學院東北地區各研究所，領導開展東北地區的科研工作，為恢復和發展東北經濟建設和科學技術事業做出了貢獻。1955年后，參與領導組建中國科學院學部，參與領導組織了全國科學技術長遠規劃的制訂以及1962年全國科學技術工作會議和1978年全國科學大會。他為建立中國科學研究機構管理制度、研究生制度、科學獎勵制度、科技情報事業和專利制度做了大量開拓工作。他是我國南極科學考察事業的奠基者和組織者。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Geologist. Born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Enrolled in the Department of Geology, Qinghua University in 1934. Professor and advisor, State Science and Technology Commission , president, All-China Commission on Stratigraphy, and honorary chairman, Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the 1950s, Wu took charge of the preparation for the setting up of the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the northeast regions of China and exercised leadership in the scientific research in this area. He made important contributions to the restoration and development for the economic construction and science and technology in northeast China. After 1955, he took part in the organization and establishment of the academic divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He led and participated in the drawing of 3 Long-term Schemes for the Development of Science and Technology, the National Conference of Science and Technology in 1962 and the National Science Conference in 1978. He has done a lot of pioneering work for China’s administrative system of scientific research institutes,postgraduate system, scientific award system, scientific information and patent system. He is also a founder and organizer for the Antarctic investigation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

何作霖

1900.05.05～1967.11.17

礦物學家。河北蠡縣人。1926年畢業于北京大學地質系。1940年獲奧地利茵城大學巖石礦物系博士學位。中國科學院地質研究所研究員。對光性礦物學、巖石組構學、X射線結晶學、稀有元素礦物學、工藝巖石學等均有造詣，是中國最早的光性礦物學家。最先應用X光進行巖組工作。30年代首次發現白云鄂博鐵礦含有稀有金屬和稀土礦物。從事鎂質及耐火材料平爐底磚的技術和理論研究，對鞍鋼的生產建設做出了一定的貢獻。晚年曾設計變溫盒，利用弗氏臺進行礦物折光率的雙變法測定，并進行X光巖組學研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mineralogist. Born in Lixian, Hebei Province. Graduatec from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1926. Received Ph.D.from the Department of Mineralogy, University of Innsbruck, Austria in 1940. Research professor, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He had great academic attainments on optical mineralogy,petrofabrics. X-ray crystallography, mineralogy of rare elements and technological petrology. He was the earliest optical mineralogist in China and the first to apply X-ray in petrofabric analysis. In the 1930s, he first discovered that the Baiyunebo iron mine contained rare metals and rare earth minerals. He took up the study of the technology and theory of basis bricks of open-hearth furnace, which was made from magnesia refractory materials, and made contributions to the production and construction of the Anshan Iron and Steel Corporation.In his remaining years, he designed an immersion-cell for the vivariant method of refractive measurement of mineral on a universal stage and studied X-ray petrofabrics.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

竺可楨

1890.03.07～1974.02.07

氣象學家、地理學家和教育家。浙江上虞人。1918年獲美國哈佛大學博士學位。浙江大學校長、中國科學院副院長、中國科學技術協會副主席。二三十年代開創氣象教育事業，創建氣象研究所，組建早期的中國氣象觀測網，開展物候觀測、高空探測及天氣預報等業務，在臺風、中國季風及大氣環流、氣候區劃、物候、氣候變遷等研究方面都作出了開拓性的貢獻。他精辟指出臺風眼中有下沉氣流存在，西太平洋臺風路徑之變化受遠東四個大氣活動中心所控制。在中國首先提出季風系統這一概念。首創區域氣候研究，提出劃分亞熱帶的指標。他確定的中國八大氣候區，確立了氣候區劃和自然區劃的基本輪廓。研究中國近五千年的氣候變遷，其成果對氣候變化研究有重要貢獻。他主持并參加我國黃河中游水土保持、治沙、黑龍江流域、新疆、西部南水北調、華南熱帶生物、云南熱帶資源等綜合考察，作出了重大貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Meteorologist, geographer and educator. Born in Shangyu,Zhejiang Province. Received Ph.D.from Harvard University, USA in 1918. Former president of Zhejiang University, vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and vice president of Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

Zhu introduced meteorological courses in high schools,established the Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica, organized and built the earliest network of meteofological observations, and built the earliest network of meteorological observations, and developed phonological observations, upper air soundings and weather forecasting during the 1920s and 1930s. He made creative contributions to the study of typhoon, China monsoon and general air circulation, climatic divisions, phenology and climatic changes. He incisively indicated that there are down currents in the typhoon eye, the change of the typhoon route in West Pacific being mainly controlled by 4 great centers of the atmospheric action in Far East and he was the first to propose the conception of monsoon sys tem in China. He founded the regional climate research, suggested the criteria of distinguishing the subtropics zone, determined the 8 large climatic regions and ascertained the fundamental frame of climatic divisions and natural divisions in China. He investigated and contributed greatly to the study on climatic change during the recent 5,000 years in China. He led and participated in the comprehensive investigations of water and soil conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, desertification control,management and protection of Heilongjiang basin and Xinjiang region,diversion of water from the south to the north in West China, and tropical bio-resources in South China and Yunnan Province and made important contribution.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Science in 1955.