摘要: 本文結合歷年高考試題對as的重要用法,包括as作介詞、as作副詞、as引導的定語從句、as引導的狀語從句、as的固定搭配和習慣用法進行了詳細的剖析和總結,幫助學生更好地理解和掌握該詞的用法。
關鍵詞: 高考英語 as 用法
as詞性復雜,用法靈活,是英語中較難掌握的一個詞匯,同時也是歷年高考的一個重要考點。我結合近幾年的高考英語試題,詳細分析as的各種含義和用法,總結as在語義和用法上的一些特點,以幫助學生熟練掌握該詞的用法。
一、as用作介詞
as用作介詞時,意為“當作;作為;擔任;充當”。
I feel that one of my main dutiesa teacher is to help the students to become better learners.(2004廣東卷)
A.forB.byC.as D.with
答案:C。
Let’s learn to use the problem we are facinga stepping-stone to future success.(2008全國卷Ⅰ)
A.toB.for C.asD.by
答案:C。
二、as用作副詞
as作副詞時,意為“和……一樣地”。 常用于比較結構(not)as ... as,其中第一個 as是副詞,后面常接形容詞。
A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and windsstrong as 113 meters per hour.(2006上海卷)
A.too B.very C.so D.as
答案:D。
三、as用作代詞
1.as作關系代詞,引導限制性定語從句。
as引導限制性定語從句,其先行詞常用such,the same修飾,或用于as/so ... as 結構中。其中關系代詞as在從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語。
These houses are sold at such a low pricepeople expected.(2000上海春)
A.like B.that C.as D.which
答案:C。
He is such a lazy mannobody wants to work with.(2006年成都卷)
A.as;himB.that;/ C.as;/ D.whom;him
答案:C。
His plan was such a good onewe all agreed to accept it.(2006陜西卷)
A.asB.thatC.so D.and
答案:B。
此時需注意such ... that ... 與such ... as ...的區別。such ... that ...意為“如此……以至于”,引導結果狀語從句,that在從句中不擔當句子成分;而so ... as ... 結構中,as用來引導定語從句,并在從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語。
2.as作關系代詞,引導非限制性定語從句。
as 作為關系代詞引導非限制性定語從句,代表主句的整個內容或部分內容。此時需注意as與which的區別。
(1)從位置上來說,which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后,而as引導的非限制性定語從句既可在主句之前,又可在主句之后,有時還可插入主句中。
(2)從詞匯意義上講,which意為“這一點”,而as則表示“正如……那樣”。
The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.(2006天津卷)
A.what B.that C.howD.as
答案:D。
is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress (2004北京卷)
A.It B.As C.That D.What
答案:B。
After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling, turned out to be a wise decision.(2010四川卷)
A.that B.which C.whenD.where
答案:B。
四、as用作連詞
1.as引導時間狀語從句。
as在時間狀語從句中,引導持續性動作,多用于主句和從句的動作同時發生。常表示“一邊……一邊……”(強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生),“隨著……”(主句的情景隨著as從句所表達的時間變化而變化)。
the day went on,the weather got worse.(1990全國卷)
A.WithB.Since C.While D.As
答案:D。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especiallyFather was away in France.(1994全國卷)
A.asB.that C.during D.if
答案:A。
2.as引導原因狀語從句。
as 引導原因狀語從句,常意為“由于”。可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,表示雙方都知道的原因。語氣較弱,不能回答why的提問,也不能用在強調句中作為被強調內容。
Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasure.(2006廣東卷)
A.as B.ifC.whenD.where
答案:A。
3.as引導方式狀語從句。
as引導方式狀語從句,常意為“依照,像……一樣, 如……”。
—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order.(2008福建卷)
A.as toldB.as are toldC.as telling D.as they told
答案:A。
4.as引導讓步狀語從句。
as引導讓步狀語從句,意為“ 雖然,盡管” 等意思,此時,從句須用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首。具體表現形式為:
Tryshe might,Sue couldn’t get the door open.(2011全國卷Ⅰ)
A.if B.whenC.sineD.as
答案:D。
,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2007重慶卷)
A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound
答案:D。
5.as引導比較狀語從句。
(1)as ... as結構表計量,含“多達……”之意,數次詞組放在as ... as結構之后表程度。
John is the tallest boy in the class, according to himself.(2005 安徽卷)
A.five foot eight as tall as B.as tall as five foot eight
C.as five foot eight tall as D.as tall five foot eight as
答案:B。
(2)as ... as 結構表倍數,表示“……是……的多少倍”,表倍數概念的分數、小數、百分數、基數詞必須放在as ... as結構的前面。
The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one.(2011陜西卷)
A.as three times big as B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times D.as big three times as
答案:B。
(3)as ... as結構表比較,含“和……一樣多”之意。
The more I think about him,the more reasons I find for loving himI did.(2005湖南卷)
A.as much as B.as long as C.as soon as D.as far as
答案:A。
五、as與其他詞搭配構成的重點從屬連詞
1.as long as“只要”,引導條件狀語從句。
—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it?Well,that doesn’t matteryou enjoyed yourselves.(2010江西卷)
A as long as B unlessC as soon asD though
答案:A。
2.as soon as“一……就……”,引導時間狀語從句。
Just use this room for the time being,and we’ll offer you a larger one it becomes available (2010安徽卷)
A.as soon as B.unlessC.as far asD.until
答案:A。
3.as if / though“似乎,好像”,引導讓步狀語從句或表語從句。此時需注意虛擬語氣的使用。
Jack wasn’t saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.(2011湖南卷)
A.as ifB.in caseC.while D.though
答案:A
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.(2006全國卷I)
A.was happeningB.happens
C.has happenedD.happened
答案:D。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it .(1995全國卷)
A.breaks B.was broken
C.were brokenD.had been broken
答案:C。
4.as far as ...“據……”。
I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(2004北京春)
A.As long asB.As far as C.Just asD.Even if
答案:B。
5.such as to“達到……程度以至……”。
My English teacher’s humor wasmake every student burst into laughter.(2008江西卷)
A.so as to B.such as to C.such thatD.so that
答案:B。
6.so as to“以便,目的是”。
All these gifts must be mailed immediatelyin time for Christmas.(2005遼寧卷)
A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
答案:C。
六、固定短語和習慣用法
as a matter of fact 事實上,其實
as a result 結果,終于,因此
as a result of ... 作為……的結果,由于……的結果
as a rule 作為一個常規,通常,習以為常
as a whole 作為一個整體(來看)
as ... as possible 盡可能……地
as before 依舊
as usual 照例,照常
as well 又,也,同樣
as well as 和……一樣,不但……而且……
so as to 為的是,以便……
John plays football ,if not better than,David.(1994全國卷)
A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well as
答案:B。
My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ,he could neither eat nor sleep.(2005江西卷)
A.as a result B.after all C.any way D.otherwise
答案:A。
通過以上的分析,我們可以看出as及與其相關的固定短語和習慣用法在歷年高考試題中的復現率極高,而且對它的考查趨向于更深層次,有的利用語境巧妙設計,有的利用句型結構設置障礙,有的則涉及它的某些習慣用法。因此,在日常學習過程中,務必要結合具體的語言環境、語法規則和語義結構來分析和理解as的語法功能和具體含義,這樣才能真正學會并掌握as的用法。
參考文獻:
[1]Alexander,L.G.Longman English Grammar[M].Beijing:foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.1991.
[2]章振邦.新編英語語法教程(第四版)[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2003.
[3]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬[M].首都師范大學出版社,2008.