辛亥記憶在寧波

一百年潮起潮落，一百年辛亥記憶，在寧波這座歷史名城，烙下了不可磨滅的記憶。

1900年，喝著姚江水長大的慈溪趙家蕃、趙家藝兩兄弟東渡日本。在日本期間，趙氏兄弟結識了孫中山，參加了孫中山、黃興等在東京成立的同盟會。從此出身儒商之家的趙氏兄弟與辛亥革命結下了不解之緣，為寧波留下可圈可點的百年記憶。

趙氏兄弟秉承擅長經商之家傳，在東瀛邊學習邊做生意，將營生的資金全額資助了孫中山的革命活動。兩年后，因發動潮州、黃花岡等起義，孫中山陷入經濟困境，時在上海的趙氏兄弟聞訊，趕回寧波，變賣祖傳的田產并將所得現款捐贈給孫中山，解了孫中山的燃眉之急。不僅如此，趙氏兄弟還親自參與孫中山的革命行動。1911年夏天，趙家蕃在上海協助宋教仁等組建同盟會總部，趙家藝同時回甬，組建了自己任會長的同盟會寧波支部，支部的副會長由同是慈溪人的陳訓正擔任。

1911年的10月10日，武昌起義旗開得勝。11月5日，寧波宣告光復，這是浙江省首個光復之城。寧波這座沿海商城，以軍政分府治理與防務。寧波迎來民主復興的曙光，產生了第一個民主選舉的寧波軍政分府參議部。這個以投票公選的方式選舉產生的參議部由趙家藝任部長。一年后，孫中山在南京就任臨時大總統，委任趙家蕃擔任全國造幣廠廠長。

1916年8月22日，孫中山在趙家藝陪同下從江北岸的火車站下車，走進寧波。辛亥革命以后的1913年10月，寧波至上虞曹娥段鐵路竣工通車，火車站也同時啟用。當時的寧波站在江北岸。那一天，身著白色美國式學生裝，足著黑色圓頭皮鞋的孫中山，從站臺走過一幢青灰色小洋房出站。隨后，他進城在省立第四中學發表了“寧波要成為‘中國第二之上海’”的演講。這一演講經設在江北岸洋船弄１１６號的《四明日報》刊印，在寧波乃至浙東傳播。這是一段特殊的記憶，這一記憶因辛亥革命領袖人物而永載史冊。

第二天，孫中山又回到江北岸，在鴻儀照相館拍攝了一幀6寸的全身單人照。照片上的一根斯的克，一頂金絲草帽，是孫中山留給了江北岸的又一個特殊記憶。

如果說，上述的一切是辛亥革命留在寧波的記憶的話，那么以下兩位慈溪人也與辛亥革命頗為有緣。

一位是時為16歲的翁姓青年，這位青年從慈溪來到寧波學習，聽說辛亥革命勝利，寧波光復，二話沒說剃了一個光頭，并找了江北岸的一家照相館拍了一張照片以示慶祝。眾所周知，辛亥革命前后，革命青年紛紛剃發剪辮，但恐祖輩指責，讓理發匠制假發以備用，而這位青年剃了光頭還攝影留念，可見他當時的心情。這位翁姓青年可能想不到，當年的行動竟也成了辛亥革命的江北岸記憶。

辛亥革命于中國人實在太刻骨銘心，這一刻骨銘心深深地烙在今年99歲的馮奶奶記憶里。

馮奶奶，姓姚，名婉宜，1913年11月出生于莊橋姚家村。莊橋地處姚江北岸，當年的行政區劃屬慈溪縣東鄉。“童姚馬經張，銀子好打墻”流傳莊橋的民謠不能不說姚家富甲一方，現存的后姚前新屋、廟跟新屋、姚家新屋那雕梁重檐的庭院足以昭示姚氏家族昔日的輝煌。當婉宜姑娘長到17歲時，姨丈做媒，與縣城槐花樹頭馮家的三公子結秦晉之好。有道是：墻門對墻門，藩籬對藩籬，馮姚兩家在提親相人定親之后，便是擇日成親。說啥也想不到，婉宜姑娘的嫁日，碰到了孫中山葬日。提起這一特殊記憶，馮奶奶坐在那坐了70多年發紅的藤椅上，瞇瞇一笑：“我迎親拜堂的日子原來定在4月21（農歷），正好孫中山國葬，于是婚期提前。”

原來因避諱，使一個小城女子與一個偉人有了一段淵源。據記載：1929年5月26日至6月1日，孫中山靈櫬從北京碧云寺奉安于南京中山陵，當時全國下半旗七日志哀，停止一切宴會娛樂七日。而馮奶奶的好日子是5月28日，紅白喜事相遇，馮、姚兩家商定提前結婚。而這樣的一改婚期，這樣的一喪一喜，讓大門不出，二門不邁，斗大字不識一個的家庭婦女知曉了孫中山和他領導的辛亥革命，并成了這位女人終生難忘的記憶，一直記憶至今。

有關辛亥革命的記憶保留至今還有寧波的地名。原來寧波光復數天后，城北的慈溪縣也宣告光復。不久以后，慈溪縣便取孫中山的民主革命主張，將縣城的三條街巷分別改為民族路、民權路、民生路，還將另一些舊路名改成具有時代氣息的路名，比如三民路、中華路。東西貫通，東接太陽殿的民族路上，有明代狀元姚鏌故居，由鄉賢出資辦為普迪小學，南北貫通的民權路東面有甲第世家、張太師府第、福字門頭、布政房諸多的明清建筑群，同樣是東西而貫的民族路，則有明代牌坊——恩榮坊和冬宮坊。可以想象，在封建體制下，在庭院深深的傳統藩籬間，那體現民主思想的新路名多像古木逢春，蓬勃而清新。歲月悠悠數十載，這些紀念辛亥革命路名也成了城市的記憶。

Jiangbei District Plays Part in the 1911 Revolution

By Wang Jing

Jiangbei District， located in the northwest of Ningbo， is the largest downtown district of the city in eastern Zhejiang. Jiangbei measures 208.73 square kilometers with Yong River on its southeast side and Yao River on the south. Geographically， the district has played a unique part in the urban growth of Ningbo. The district also features profound culture， history， beautiful landscape and rich water resources.

With a history of 2，500 years， Jiangbei District bears witness to the historical changes of China. In particular， the 1911 Revolution is a lasting memory of the port city.

Let us go back to the year 1900 and two men caught our eyes. They were the Zhao brothers from a rich business family dealing in shipping industry in Jiangbei District， Ningbo. The elder brother was Zhao Jiafan (1872-1925) and the younger brother Zhao Jiayi (1876-1925). Determined to fight against the rotten Qing and seek democracy and independence， the two brothers sailed to Japan in 1900. After making acquaintance with Dr. Sun Yet-san there， the two brothers embarked on the task of reconstructing China.

In 1905， the Zhao brothers joined the Chinese United League and started sponsoring Dr. Sun Yet-san’s revolutionary undertakings with their business proceeds. Zhao Jiayi set up Ningbo Normal School with a group of people in July 1905， to build up strength to overthrow the Qing government. In 1906， the two brothers went to Shanghai and took up residence in Sanjia Garden on Pingqiao Road. Their residence was one of the contact points for the revolutionists in Shanghai and from abroad.

Learning in 1909 that Dr. Sun urgently needed funds to continue his revolutionary activities after the failure of two massive uprisings in Guangdong， the Zhao brothers rushed back to Ningbo， sold the property left to them by their father， and delivered the money to Dr. Sun Yet-san. Zhao Jiafan started four newspapers in 1910 successively， and participated in the 1911 Revolution led by Sun with Jiayi in person. In 1911， Zhao Jiayi went back to Jiangbei， setting up Ningbo Branch of the Chinese United League. The chapter took part in the Wuchang Uprising in October. After one month， Ningbo was declared restored to the Chinese people， and Zhao Jiayi was elected the Governor of Ningbo Military Government.

After taking the provisional presidency of the Chinese Government in Nanjing in 1912， Dr. Sun appointed Zhao Jiafan as Director of the National Mint. On October 6， 1913， Yuan Shikai， a military strongman among the Northern Warlords， replaced Dr. Sun and attained the position of President. The Zhao brothers resigned from their government positions in the wake of Dr. Sun’s resignation.

In 1916Jiangbei witnessed some most memorable days in its history. At the invitation of Zhejiang Provincial Governor Lu Gongwang， Dr. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Ningbo in the accompaniment of Zhao Jiayi on August 22， 1916 after Dr. Sun’s visit to Hangzhou and Shaoxing. The great man received a warm-hearted reception in Ningbo. On the following day， he gave a speech at No. 4 Middle School， praising Ningbo’s achievements in business and industry and putting forward his expectation of the future of this ancient port city. The people in Jiangbei were deeply impressed with Dr. Sun and the memory has passed down from generation to generation.

The streets and places renamed after the Xinhai Revolution in Ningbo also bear witness to the 1911 Revolution. After the success of the 1911 Revolution， three streets in Cicheng， a town next to Jiangbei District， were renamed Minzu Road， Minquan Road and Minsheng Road， representing the Three Principles of the People put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen: Nationalism， Civil Rights and People’s Livelihood. These names reflect the spirit and character of the 1911 Revolution.

The memory of the 1911 Revolution and its key players also lies in the lives of local residents. Granny Yao Wanyi was born in November 1913. She was to get married on May 28， 1929， but the wedding had to take place four days before the schedule because the week from May 26 through June 1 was set aside for the 7-day mourning for transporting the coffin of Dr. Sun Yat-sen from Biyun Temple in Beijing to his mausoleum in Nanjing . This is how Yao Wanyi， an illiterate woman， got to know about Dr. Sun Yet-san.

The memory of the 1911 revolution can also be seen in the pattern design used in the mold for making New Year’s hard rice-cake. Cicheng boasts the tradition of making the rice cake. After the success of the 1911 Revolution， local people made the mold of the bicolor flag of the revolution and the flag design appeared in the hard rice-cake.