摘 要:地鐵施工安全風險評價指標體系的建立是進行安全風險評價的核心內容,并直接影響評價結果的準確性。本文在比較研究了評價指標體系篩選方法及對其適用性進行分析的基礎上,構建了層次分析區間估計方法的地鐵施工安全風險評價指標篩選理論模型。通過對近10年來我國地鐵施工過程中發生的事故類型的分近,對事故發生的風險源進行了重點分析,進而建立了施工安全風險的初始指標。并結合運用模型對哈爾濱地鐵一號線一期6標段的施工安全風險評價問題進行了實際驗證,本研究為施工企業評價施工現場安全風險,提高安全管理能力提供了新思路。
關鍵詞:地鐵施工;安全風險;指標篩選;區間估計
中圖分類號:TU72 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2012)02-0062-05
Study on Index System of Safety Risk Evaluation for Subway Construction
Based on Interval Estimation
LIU Ren-hui, YU Bo, JIN Zhen
(School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)
Abstract:Establishment of index system is key to safety risk evaluation for subway construction, whether the selection of indexes is reasonable directly determines the accuracy of evaluation. This paper studies the usual methods of selecting indexes for evaluation and analyzes their applicability. Based on analytic hierarchy process interval estimation, the theory model of index selection for safety risk evaluation for subway construction is set up. Given the types of accidents happened during last 10 years in China, original index system of safety risk evaluation is established mainly according to sources of safety risks in accidents. At last, this paper takes the sixth part of Harbin Subway Line NO.1 as an example and selects the indexes for its safety risk evaluation, which provides a new method for construction company managers to evaluate safety risk during construction and to improve their ability of safety management.
Key words:subway construction; safety risk; index selection; interval estimation method
1 引言
近年來為了緩解城市交通擁堵的壓力,中國許多大中城市紛紛加入了修建地鐵的行列。城市地鐵工程建設是一項復雜的高風險性系統工程,建設過程中存在著很大不確定性,尤其是在地鐵施工過程中,具有隱蔽性、復雜性和突發性等諸多突出的特點[1],這些特點,必然會對地鐵施工的安全管理造成不可預見的影響,如果控制不當,極易造成重大安全事故,帶來極為嚴重的經濟和社會問題。
施工安全風險評價指標體系的建立是對地鐵施工項目安全風險管理的基礎,通過評價指標體系,可以進行全面評價、合理地估計風險的影響程度及范圍,也是對重大風險源進行控制、制定對策的前提條件。……