摘 要:本文基于信息加工理論,提出了高層管理團隊(TMT)認知異質性、情感自反性和任務自反性對決策績效影響作用的研究假設。通過中國高新技術企業85個團隊361份配對樣本的實證研究結果表明:TMT認知異質性對決策質量和決策滿意度有顯著的正向效應;情感自反性影響了團隊成員之間信息解釋的方式,有利于TMT成員更愿意發表自己的觀點,主動參與決策制定過程,因而增強了TMT認知異質性對決策績效的正向影響;任務自反性程度高的團隊,鼓勵不同的觀點和不同的聲音,有利于多樣化信息的引出,同時促進了TMT對外部動態復雜環境的審視,展開深度討論,增強了決策方案與環境的匹配程度,從而強化了TMT認知異質性對決策績效的正向效應。
關鍵詞:高層管理團隊;認知異質性;團隊自反性;決策績效;信息加工理論
中圖分類號:F270 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2012)02-0023-08
TMT Cognitive Diversity and Reflexivity on Decision Performances in Chinese Context
YANG Wei-zhong, GE Yu-hui
(School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
Abstract:The present study advanced six hypotheses based on information processing theory to test, which is about the relationships between TMT cognitive diversity and strategic decision performances, and the moderating effects of social reflexivity and task reflexivity on the relationships. The patterning data of 361 leader-top managers from 85 teams in Chinese High-tech companies were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that TMT cognitive diversity has positive impacts on decision quality and satisfaction. Social reflexivity can affect the way the information to explain, promotes the TMT members to express their viewpoints and automatically participate the decision making, and therefore enhances the positive relationship between TMT cognitive diversity and decision outcomes. High task reflexivity allows different ideas and voices and a variety of information, improves TMT to review the external dynamic and complex environment, employs depth reflection, and therefore strengthens the match of the alternatives and the environment, and the positive relationship between TMT cognitive diversity and decision outcomes.
Key words:top management team; cognitive diversity; team reflexivity; decision performances; information processing theory
1 引言
現代企業正面臨著日益復雜和快速多變的經營環境,對高層管理團隊(TMT)的戰略決策效能不斷提出新的要求。戰略決策的失誤往往給企業帶來全局性和難以估量的損失,甚至陷入萬劫不復的深淵。然而,企業戰略決策的制定是一個高度復雜、動態的過程,涉及組織內外的大量因素,面臨信息收集、信息放棄、不確定性、模糊性以及各種沖突[1,2]。
自Hambrick 和 Mason 提出TMT人口統計學特征變量是企業戰略決策制定過程中的關鍵因素[3],關于這些特征變量對戰略決策的影響研究成為焦點,其中,TMT人口統計學特征變量的異質性與戰略決策績效之間關系的研究得到很多學者的關注。……