基于城市政府視角的城市生活垃圾按排付費的分配公平研究

摘 要：隨著城市化進程的加快，越來越多的人口集聚在城市，導致城市生活垃圾劇增。為了抑制城市生活垃圾產生量，城市政府必須改變傳統行政指令型的管理模式，采用新的以經濟刺激為手段的按排付費管理模式。分配公平作為按排付費管理模式的核心思想，其對按排付費管理模式的實施效果具有重要影響。本文從城市政府視角出發，依據相關理論對城市生活垃圾按排付費的分配公平進行了重新界定，指出了分配公平的重要性，同時對城市生活垃圾按排付費的固定費用分配公平和變動費用分配公平進行了分析。特別是，對低收入城市居民家庭、大家庭和年老與殘疾城市居民等特殊群體的分配公平進行了研究，以期保障所有城市居民平等地承擔義務和分享權益，實現社會整體公平。

關鍵詞：城市生活垃圾；按排計費；分配公平

中圖分類號：F205 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5192(2012)02-0001-06

Distributive Justice about PAYT of Household Waste Based

on the Urban Government View

CHU Zhu-jie1，2， XI Bao3， LI Jian4

(1.The Economy and Management School， Harbin Institute of Technology， Harbin 150001， China; 2.The Economy and Management Scool， Harbin Engineering University， Harbin 150001， China; 3.The Public Administration and Law Institute， Dalian University of Technology， Dalian 116024， China; 4.School of Management， Harbin University of Commerce， Harbin 150086， China)

Abstract:Municipal household waste is becoming a serious environmental problem in many large cities in the world with more and more people gathering in the city. In order to reduce municipal household waste， the urban government must change from the traditional executive order mode to pay-as-you-throw. The distributive justice is the core idea of pay-as-you-throw and has an import effect to the results. This paper defines the distributive justice of pay-as-you-throw on the basis some theories and analyzes that it is necessary to carry out the distributive justice from the review of the urban government. At the same time， the distributive justices of the fixed cost and the variable cost have been put forward. The distributive justice of pay-as-you-throw means that all the related people are able to equally share rights and obligation， so the urban government must consider low income households， large family and senior or disabled residents in order to ensure their legal power.

Key words:household waste; pay-as-you-throw; distributive justice

1 引言

近年來，隨著全球城市化進程的加快，越來越多的人口集聚在城市，導致城市生活垃圾劇增，各國城市政府紛紛采取不同的措施對其進行抑制。其中，城市生活垃圾按排付費作為一種有效手段，被很多國家城市政府采用。城市生活垃圾按排付費改變了以往行政指令型管理模式，首次將經濟指標納入到城市生活垃圾管理系統，以經濟方式鼓勵城市居民減少城市生活垃圾產生量，從而達到城市生活垃圾減量化、循環化和資源化的目的［1］。

根據微觀經濟學理論，城市生活垃圾按排付費是以“污染者付費”和“責任分擔”為原則，體現了其公平性基本思想［2］。……