摘 要:國內外學者對產業集群自主創新動力機制多從靜態的角度進行研究,缺乏從動態的角度研究。本文首先提出三維度的產業集群自主創新動力機制模型,通過分析產業集群生命周期4個階段的一般特征,提出產業集群在各階段進行自主創新的動力機制;并以青島家電產業集群為典型的成功案例,探析生命周期各階段產業集群自主創新可供借鑒的成功經驗或規律,指出存在問題和相應提升對策。
關鍵詞:產業集群;自主創新;生命周期;青島家電
中圖分類號:F270 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:10035192(2012)03005405
Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Industrial Clusters ’Selfinnovation
Based on Lifecycle Theory
LI Minghui1,2, LEI Lianghai1, SUN Aixiang2
(1.School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; 2. School of Business, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China)
Abstract:The domestic and foreign scholars most studied dynamic mechanism of industrial clusters ’ selfinnovation from static perspective, lacking of dynamic point of view. This paper constructs dynamic mechanism model of industrial clusters ’ selfinnovation from three dimensions, analyzes general characteristics of four phases of lifecycle of industrial clusters, and puts forward different dynamic mechanism of industrial clusters ’ selfinnovation in various stages of lifecycle. This paper takes Qingdao household appliance industrial cluster as an example of successful cases, analyzes the successful experiences and laws in various stages of lifecycle of Qingdao household appliance industrial cluster, and puts forward the lying problems and the countermeasures.
Key words:industrial clusters; selfinnovation; lifecycle theory; Qingdao household appliance
1 引言
目前,很多學者對產業集群自主創新動力機制的研究主要從產業集群自主創新的有利環境[1~5]、內在競爭優勢[6~9]、靜態的政府促進政策[10,11]和企業制度安排[12]等方面進行分析,缺乏對生命周期中產業集群自主創新動力機制的動態、系統分析。集群治理不僅是集群開始形成時的政策研究問題,也是伴隨集群生命周期過程中的課題,也就是說不僅僅在集群衰退期需要治理,從集群出現開始的整個生命周期內都需要治理,只不過各個階段治理的重點和內容是不同的[13]。深入研究生命周期中推動產業集群自主創新發展的要素、規律、方法、制度與政策等將有助于實現產業集群的可持續發展。
2 產業集群自主創新動力機制模型
根據產業集群自主創新的層次性特征,本文分別從產業集群的宏觀維度、中觀維度和微觀維度進行展開,建立產業集群自主創新動力機制模型(見圖1)?!?br>