我國食品安全治理工具多元化的探索

摘 要：近年來頻繁發(fā)生的食品安全事件表明，單一的政府監(jiān)管的模式已無法滿足新形勢下食品安全治理的需要，治理工具的多元化是解決我國食品安全問題的有效途徑。我國各級(jí)食品安全職能部門正在引入并嘗試使用新的治理工具，但受到各種因素的制約而進(jìn)展緩慢。民營化、合同外包、社區(qū)治理、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)自治等效果較強(qiáng)的治理工具，急需重點(diǎn)研究并適時(shí)做出相機(jī)抉擇。

關(guān)鍵詞：食品安全治理；民營化；合同外包；社區(qū)治理；行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)自治

中圖分類號(hào)：C939 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：10035192(2012)03001306

The Exploration on Diversification of Governmental Administration Tools Based

on China Domestic Food Safety Administration

WANG Xiaobo， AN Hongwu

(School of Economics and Management， Tongji University， Shanghai 200092， China)

Abstract:An increased incidence of food safety cases in recent years has demonstrated that a single government regulation pattern no longer meets the need of food safety administration under new circumstances， and that the diversification of administrative tools appears to be an effective way to solve our national problems in food quality. Food safety functional departments at all levels in China are introducing and attempting to use new management tools， but process is held back due to the restriction of various factors. Those administration tools with strong effects， including privatization， contract outsourcing， community governance， and autonomy within trade associations， are in great need of focused studies and hence， discretionary decisions should be made.

Key words:food safety administration; privatization; contract outsourcing; community governance; autonomy within trade associations

1 引言

傳統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為，政府監(jiān)管是食品安全治理的主導(dǎo)力量。但是，近年來頻繁發(fā)生的食品安全事件表明，單一的政府監(jiān)管模式已經(jīng)無法滿足新形勢下的食品安全治理的需要。形成于上世紀(jì)70年代的公共治理理論認(rèn)為，應(yīng)當(dāng)擺脫政府與市場的狹隘單一理性，以建立政府、市場、公民社會(huì)三者相互依賴與多元合作的公共事務(wù)治理模式［1］。而新治理范式則將關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)引入到通過政府工具的廣泛運(yùn)用來解決公共問題上來，即強(qiáng)調(diào)政府、私營部門、第三部門等社會(huì)主體通過工具的選擇和應(yīng)用來進(jìn)行有效的治理，籍此有助于考察治理手段實(shí)際運(yùn)用的公共生態(tài)。在面對(duì)擴(kuò)大選擇范圍和眾多潛在資源可供利用時(shí)，政府工具的廣泛運(yùn)用也極大地豐富了食品安全問題的解決途徑。此外，政府在食品安全管理中所提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)并非都滿足非競爭性和非排他性的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這也催生了對(duì)食品安全治理工具的多元化需求。……