基于方向型和交易型障礙的校企合作影響因素的實證研究

摘 要：現(xiàn)有校企聯(lián)盟研究的文獻(xiàn)主要涉及大學(xué)和企業(yè)合作的原因和合作方式，但很少關(guān)注緩解校企合作障礙的方法研究。本文在分析校企合作存在障礙的基礎(chǔ)上，探索了不同機制對緩解校企合作中方向型障礙和交易型障礙的影響。以大型調(diào)查和公共記錄數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，研究了校企合作經(jīng)驗、互動廣度和組織間信任對緩解不同類型障礙的影響。研究表明校企合作經(jīng)驗可降低方向型障礙，組織間信任程度較高可降低方向型和交易型障礙。研究還表明，廣泛互動可降低方向型障礙，但對降低交易型障礙的影響不顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞：校企合作；方向型障礙；交易性障礙；組織間信任

中圖分類號：F062.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：10035192(2012)03004806

The Empirical Study on Factors of Diminishing the Barriers to Universityindustry

Collaboration Based on Orientationrelated Barriers

and Transactionrelated Barriers

HU Zhenhua， LI Yongxia

(Business School of Central South University， Changsha 410083， China)

Abstract:The existing literature on universityindustry links has begun to uncover the reason and type of collaboration between universities and businesses， but it offers relatively little explanation of ways to reduce the barriers in these collaborations. This paper seeks to unpack the nature of the obstacles to collaborations between universities and businesses， exploring influence of different mechanisms in lowering barriers related to the orientation of universities and to the transactions involved in working with university partners. Drawing on a largescale survey and public records， this paper explores the effects of collaboration experience， breadth of interaction， and interorganizational trust on lowering different types of barriers. The analysis shows that prior experience of collaborative research lowers orientationrelated barriers and that greater levels of trust reduce both types of barriers studied. It also indicates that breadth of interaction diminishes the orientationrelated， but increases transactionrelated barriers.

Key words:collaboration between universities and businesses; orientationrelated barriers; transactionrelated barriers; trust between organization

1 引言

校企合作已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)和企業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略之一。在過去十幾年里，校企雙方的合作發(fā)展非常快， 其中一個重要原因是無論對于企業(yè)還是高校， 合作都是互惠互利的。校企通過合作能促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化，實現(xiàn)成本和風(fēng)險共擔(dān)，資源和利益共享，突破市場壁壘，爭取有利的競爭優(yōu)勢，但目前校企合作的實際運作卻存在各種不利因素。Dasgupta和David認(rèn)為大學(xué)的主要目的是新知識的創(chuàng)造和從事教學(xué)活動，而企業(yè)則專注于掌握能取得市場競爭優(yōu)勢的有價值的知識［1］。大學(xué)在與企業(yè)的合作中也越來越主動尋求創(chuàng)造有價值的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)來推動技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的實施。但是，由于校、企的研究目標(biāo)各不相同，合作雙方各自朝著自己的利益方向努力， 導(dǎo)致合作障礙［2］。……