摘要:每次金融危機爆發都會引起人們對區域貨幣合作的高度關注。亞洲金融危機催生了東亞貨幣合作的基石即以清邁倡議(CMI)為代表的區域救助機制,而此次危機后形成的標志性合作成果則是清邁倡議多邊機制(CMIM)。本文正是基于上述事實通過建立向量自回歸模型比較東亞地區過去30年和近10年經濟沖擊對稱性的差異,以考察東亞地區貨幣合作基礎的新特征和變化趨勢。結果表明,東亞地區小國間的經濟沖擊對稱性一直很高,并繼續呈上升趨勢;而近年來,最為顯著的變化是以中日為代表的大國間的經濟沖擊對稱性的顯著提高,因而為東亞更深層次的貨幣合作奠定基礎。鑒于此,本文認為東亞區域貨幣合作應適時調整為以“亞洲共同繁榮”為目標,由過去的“危機推動型”合作轉向以中日為代表的“大國推動型”合作。
關鍵詞:最優貨幣區理論;東亞貨幣合作;沖擊對稱性
中圖分類號:F831.6 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:10035192(2012)03000107
The Research of East Asian Monetary Cooperation Based on
Symmetry of Economic Shocks
AN Hui, ZHAO Qing
(School of Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)
Abstract:Regional monetary cooperation are always greatly concerned after every financial crisis. Asian financial crisis came to the birth of the Chiang mai initiative(CMI), which is a cornerstone of the East Asian monetary cooperation as the regional assistance relief mechanism. And Chiang mai initiative multilateral mechanism(CMIM)was launched as a marking result of cooperation amid this crisis .Based on above facts, this paper compares the difference of East Asian symmetry of economic shocks to examine the new features and trends of monetary cooperation in East Asia. The results show that the symmetry of economic shocks among smaller economies of East Asia has been high and is still rising, and in recent years, the most remarkable change is that the symmetry of economic shocks among the great powers, represented by China and Japan, increases evidently, thus paving the way for East Asian deeper monetary cooperation. In view of this, this paper argues that East Asia regional monetary cooperation should timely set the goal as “East Asian coprosperity” and promote the cooperation to “great power impetus” by China and Japan from the past “crisis ’s impetus”.
Key words:optimal currency areas; East Asian monetary cooperation; symmetry of economic shocks
1 引言
20世紀90年代的東亞金融危機爆發以來,加強東亞貨幣合作一直是東亞各國政策制定部門和理論界學者們關注的焦點之一。東盟與中日韓(“10+3”)于2000年簽署的區域性貨幣互換網絡的協議即《清邁協議》(CMI)是東亞貨幣金融合作取得的最為重要的制度性成果,它對于防范金融危機、推動進一步的區域貨幣合作具有深遠的意義。而由美國次貸危機引發的全球金融危機又進一步強化了人們對貨幣區域合作的關注。此次金融危機期間,為了防止流動性的沖擊,以美聯儲為代表的雙邊貨幣互換協議的頻率和規模大幅上升;與此同時,東亞地區的外匯儲備庫、雙邊貨幣互換協議網絡以及雙邊本幣互換協議等各層次的流動性救援機制也得到不同程度的強化,尤其是2009年底簽署的總規模達1200億美元的清邁協議多邊化協議(CMIM)的簽訂和多邊化區域外匯儲備庫的建立,標志著全體成員共同參與的單一協議下的共同決策機制的建立,以清邁協議為基石的亞洲區域貨幣合作又向前邁出了一大步。