Practice and exploration of educational innovationin the teaching process of anatomy*

Liu Hongfu,Liang Shaohua,Zhang Luping,Zhao Dongmei，Huang Fei

(Department of Anatomy,Binzhou Medical University,346 Guanhai Road,Laishan,Yantai 264003,China)

In the advent of knowledge economy and information society,the society urgently needs talents with high-quality,creativity and comprehensive development.School education plays an extremely important role in educating creative innovation.As a result,the school becomes the main site for students to acquire knowledge,develop their character and create an atmosphere of innovation.The main task of medical education is to train high-quality,innovative medical talents.With the reform of medical education,how to implement educational innovation in the process of medical teaching has gradually attracted the educators′ widespread attention[1-2].Our paper has studied the educational innovation in the teaching process combining years′ teaching practice and has got great effect.

With the rapid development of science and technology,teaching mode has been changed from using chalks,charts and models to using the multimedia.But there are still some common problems in the teaching of anatomy.First,anatomy is a science which focuses on knowing the structure and development of normal humans from the morphological perspective.It exists ′three-many′ phenomena,such as many terms,many structures and many difficult points,which results in the students under great learning task and pressure and lack of learning interest[3].Secondly,with the expansion of enrollment,teaching mode in small classes is changed into large classes.The theory teaching is separated from the experiment teaching.The interval time between the two is unreasonable.Because of some students′ poor learning initiative,the situation has appeared that students mainly rely on teachers in experimental class.Beginners′ fear to dead specimens,the pungent odor as well as written-based assessment methods result in students′ neglect of anatomical experiments[4].Lastly,the teachers pay much attention to theory teaching,ignoring the students′ learning and innovative ability.They always teach and the students always take notes in the whole class.They lose interest and only study hard before exams and quickly forget after exams.These phenomena completely violate the purpose of learning the curriculum.

1 Materials and methods

1.1Improving the teachers′ innovative concept In modern society,medical knowledge develops rapidly,which promotes the update of teaching contents and curriculum reform and calls for lifelong education.Teachers become the ones who impart knowledge.They must adapt themselves to development of modern education to constantly learn new knowledge and update their knowledge structure.In teaching activities,the shift of teachers′ attitudes is the key to the implementation of innovative education.If the concept of teachers does not change,it is impossible to cultivate a sense of innovation on the students.To implement a new teaching method requires teachers to have the courage to explore innovation.We regularly organize seminars and learn advanced teaching methods to enrich themselves and the teaching content to improve the teaching level.So every teacher will understand that he is the organizer,mentor,helper and evaluator for the students rather than the indoctrinator of knowledge,not to impose the awareness of teachers on students.When educational innovation is integrated into the teaching process,an innovative educational environment has been created for students.This further improves the sense of responsibility and dedication of teachers,which gradually promote teachers to form an excellent army with perfect ideas,teaching experience and strong innovation.

1.2Innovative teaching mode We use modern teaching methods to stimulate students′ creative thinking[5].We have built ten interactive digital anatomy labs and a campus network teaching platform.We have transformed the anatomy teaching into a three-dimensional mode with texts,images and sounds including multimedia teaching,multimedia network teaching and experimental teaching.These can transform the abstract concepts and theories into intuitive,concrete and vivid ones,which create a lively classroom atmosphere and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students.Theory and experiment integration teaching mode solves the problem of the separation of teaching and learning.As the enrollment is expanding,other departments have changed to have theoretical classes in a large whole class and experimental classes in small units.But we still insist to theory and experiment integration teaching mode in small units.Because of small number students,we can stand in students and show the structure clearly.This can not only narrow the distance between teachers and students but also enhance the students′ cognitive ability.Teachers can combine the theoretical knowledge with sample models,which can enable students to understand the structures of human body vividly and easily.The transition of teaching mode from "teacher-centered" to "student-centered" can stimulate students′ subjective initiative.The students′ motivation,emotion and will play a decisive role on the learning effect.The aim of education is to teach the students how to acquire knowledge and use the accepted knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems.Students′ active learning should be emphasized in teaching.Teachers should focus on "fishing" rather than "fish" and train students′ innovative sense.We abandon the past teaching method of "teacher-centered" and adopt the mode with more flexible heuristics or case-based.The teaching methods make students become active participants,explorers,and collaborators.In the teaching process we give students inspired guidance and timely coaching and at last achieve the transformation of knowledge into capabilities.For example,when we lecture the hepatic portal venous system,we can begin with hepatic portal hypertension symptoms by the use of multimedia.The students can combine the teaching models to actively discuss the reason of the symptoms.Then we explain the composition,characteristics,the branches of the portal vein and traffic inosculation with the superior vena cava,etc.These can stimulate students to create a space of imagination,and then teachers do the summary and guide the correct result from the student′s imagination,which can not only stimulate the students′ curiosity and thirst for knowledge,but also give full play to students′ imagination and get a lifetime benefit.

1.3Innovating assessment model to objective evaluate the teaching activities Examination,an important part in the teaching process,is one important mean to evaluate the quality of teaching and to test the teaching effectiveness.We create assessment model through the formative system of evaluation and assessment.Students′ achievement consists of the usual attendance,answering questions and discussion in class,assignments,laboratory evaluation,operations assessment,midterm exams and final exams,etc.Moreover,the score proportion of the theoretical and practical assessment in the exam coincides with the theoretical and practical credit hours.We pay attention to assessing students′ practical ability and evaluate students′ performance scientifically and fairly.This dynamic diversity of the examination system encourages students to pay much attention to his usual performance and the ability to understand and grasp knowledge.They gradually abandon the bad habits of memorizing mechanically before exams and forgetting quickly after exams.This assessment model can help us evaluate whether we achieve our teaching objectives by assessing the students′ level of intelligence,innovation,entrepreneurial spirit and personality.Finally innovative assessment model helps us achieve teaching objectives and train high-quality medical students.

1.4Laboratory culture innovation In recent years,in addition to our focus on innovation,we have also made measures in improving the teaching environment.We put special flowers that can absorb formaldehyde in the laboratories and aisles.Meanwhile,we hang various photos on the wall to show important events in our department.In the first class in every semester,we organize students to read the medical oath in front of Wang Hu-Xiang′s statute.Wang Hu-Xiang was the fist chief in our department and devoted his body to our school.His moving story is used to encourage students and set a good example.We try our best to do beginners′ psychological counseling,tell them that there are few of bacteria and viruses in specimens and let them understand the role of conversion between the "cadavers" and "teaching aids".When improving the teaching quality，we use humanistic external environment to educate students and arouse their curiosity about Anatomy.This enables students to overcome the psychological fear and creates a warm and harmonious atmosphere of learning environment.

2 Results and discussion

2.1Enhancing the students′ initiative to improve the quality of teaching In the teaching process,innovation on teaching mode has powerfully aroused the consciousness of students.In order to change "ask me to learn" into "I want to learn ′,we arrange some content for students to learn by themselves and ask students questions in the next class.We notice that when students learn by themselves,they can seize the key content more early and are better at discovering questions.Moreover,the ability of self-problem-solving is significantly improved.In recent grades,students show great difference in qualities and abilities in contrast to the previous students.They have clear learning objectives and solid basic knowledge so that they can do the job with skill and ease in the clinical learning.Clinical teachers have been given full recognition in the teaching process of anatomy.

2.2Prompting students to form a noble character and create a good quality of professional ethics Anatomy is not only a special discipline but a tough specialty,such as the pungent odor of formaldehyde,the psychological conflict in the face of dead specimen,the dirty and tire for making specimens and so on.But strengthening the educational innovation in the teaching process can guide the students′ thinking,cultivate their sentiment and shape their personality.This hard environment can exercise their will and educate students to form good character of no afraid of dirty and tire.It can also enhance students′ sense of social responsibility and practical innovation,which further helps forge a generation with noble character and good professional ethics of medical personnel.

2.3 Helpingtochangetheeducationconceptofteachersandformahigh-levelteachingstaff Intheteachingprocess,teachersarethedirectexecutorsofeducation.Inordertocultivateinnovativetalents,themostimportantthingistostrengthentheinnovativeconceptofteachers.Theteachersshouldleadandteachbypersonalexampleaswellasverbalinstruction.Throughtheseriesofmeasures,wehaveimprovedtheteachinglevelandresearchcapacity,whichplaysapositive

role in promoting the formation of high level teaching and research team with an educational innovation.This can also further promote the changing pattern of education and strengthen the consciousness of education.In summary,innovative education in teaching process of anatomy plays a pivotal role.We will continue to try our best to enhance our overall quality,constantly explore ways to improve teaching quality,accumulate teaching experience,and foster excellent talent with strong sense of innovation and innovation potential.

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