高考英語輔導(dǎo)中無效教學(xué)案例成因分析

摘要：作者認(rèn)為，有效教學(xué)是指老師通過一種通俗易懂的方式將復(fù)雜的問題簡單化，使學(xué)生理解容易，記憶方便，并能靈活運用。然而在我們的實際教學(xué)中，常常存在這樣那樣的低效甚至無效教學(xué)行為。筆者通過高考英語輔導(dǎo)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些課堂教學(xué)中由于參考資料、輔導(dǎo)教師、學(xué)生等多方面因素造成的低效甚至無效教學(xué)行為。下面列舉幾個實例，供大家參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：高考英語；英語輔導(dǎo)；無效教學(xué)案例；成因分析

中圖分類號：G633.41 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：1674-9324（2012）03-0255-03

目前課堂教學(xué)中，談?wù)摰米疃嗟哪^于有效教學(xué)或者高效課堂。就我個人理解，所謂有效是指老師通過一種通俗易懂的方式將復(fù)雜的問題簡單化，使學(xué)生理解容易，記憶方便，并能靈活運用。然而在我們的實際教學(xué)中，常常存在這樣那樣的低效甚至無效教學(xué)行為。筆者通過高考英語輔導(dǎo)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些課堂教學(xué)中由于參考資料、輔導(dǎo)教師、學(xué)生等多方面因素造成的低效甚至無效教學(xué)行為。下面列舉幾個實例，供大家參考。

一、參考答案含混不清，老師講解模棱兩可

1.His job is to sell the _______ carvings in the ________ department of the company.

A.wooden ； sales B.wood ； sales C.wood ； sale D.wooden ； sale

資料參考答案提示: 此處考查名詞作定語。wood carving “木雕刻品”；sales 作定語常用復(fù)數(shù)。答案選B.實際上，sales是形容詞“銷售的”the sales department of the company 公司的銷售部。至于wood carvings 可以理解為固定用法。

2.The World Wide Web is sometimes joking called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.

A.may B.must C.should D.can

參考答案提示: can 表示可能性，根據(jù)所提供的情景called the World Wide Wait 可判斷出全球都在等待，可能非常慢。答案選D.然而，學(xué)生提出的問題是：may 也可以表示可能性。二者有什么區(qū)別？其實，此處選can （表示常有的行為和情形） “有時會、時而可能”如：He can be very tactless sometimes 他有時太魯莽。（牛津高階英漢雙解詞典，牛津大學(xué)出版社）

3.有這樣一篇短文改錯

Are the years you spent at school best years of your life 1._______________

Personally，I found most lesson rather uninteresting.we had to 2._______________

sit at our desks in silence and paid attention to what the teachers 3._______________

were saying.They were used to write on the blackboard and ask 4.______________

us difficult questions.We also had to do plenty of home work，and 5._______________

hand it on time.We had to wear school uniforms and obey lots of rules 6._______________

…..

參考答案提示: 第6行把on 改為in ，大部分學(xué)生甚至個別老師認(rèn)為on time 與in time 表達(dá)的意思有區(qū)別，但是筆者認(rèn)為此行應(yīng)在it 后加上in，即：hand it in on time.指“把作業(yè)按時交上”。再如：hand in one’s homework on time 按時上交家庭作業(yè)。

二、日常教學(xué)對詞性關(guān)注不夠，對一詞多義拓展甚少，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生理解困難

1.——How would you like your beef？—— ___________.

A.Well -done B.It’s OK.Thank you C.The stronger ，the better D.That’s enough

答案為A.學(xué)生們看到A 選項的第一反應(yīng)總以為是“好的，干得好”。實際上，此處Well -done 是形容詞，意為“煮得熟透的，燒得老的”。

2.——Will ＄ 200 ___________.——I’m afraid not.We need at least 50 more dollars.

A.count B.satisfy C.fit D.do

答案為D.學(xué)生們看到do，總擺脫不了再熟悉不過的老意思：“做，干”。原因是學(xué)生不熟悉do 的另一詞條：“夠，足夠；適合、行、可以”。

三、習(xí)慣用法講解不全面，不透徹，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生解題困難

1.A boy rode his bicycle so carelessly that he ___________ a passing girl.

A．knocked off B.fell over C.knocked over D.fell down

解析：knock off “停工、收工”；fall over “被……絆倒”；knock off “使某人摔跟頭或使某物底朝上翻過去。”fall down “不夠好，不能令人滿意”。答案選C.注意區(qū)別于fall over.

如：I rushed for the door and fell over the cat in the hallway.我沖向門口，在過道被貓絆了一跤。

2._________ 3000 years ，the traditional Chinese culture celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and to welcome a new one.

A.Dated back B.To date back C.Dating back D.Dating from

解析：答案選C.學(xué)生熟悉date back to 與date from ，date back to……“追溯到……”。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)back to （時間往回推）date from “開始于……”。強(qiáng)調(diào)from （從何時起）表示追溯時通用。

學(xué)生不熟悉date back跟一段時間，表示向前追溯多久

3.In such dry weather ，the flowers will have to be watered if they ______________

A.have survived B.are to survive C.would survive D.will survive

解析：條件狀語從句中一般不用將來時態(tài)，但可以用be to do 來表示將來的動作。故答案選B.

四、對閱讀理解中推理判斷題解題技巧訓(xùn)練不夠

有一篇閱讀文章如下：

Mount Merapi is seen pouring smoke from its crater in this photo taken from Bebeng village in Yogyakarta ，Indonesia ，Thursday ，April 27，2006.hundreds of people have escaped from areas closest to the volcano ，following days of pressure from officials who warned the volcano could erupt within the next two weeks.

Indonesia’s rumbling Mount Merapi is throwing volcanic ash ，magma has fully covered its crater ，and a powerful eruption could come any day ，a scientist said Thursday.

Authorities （權(quán)威人士）said ，however ，they were not ready to raise the alert to the hightest level ，which requires immediate evacuation （撤退） of villagers living on the slopes of the 9700-foot peak.

問題：It can be inferred from the passage that ____________________________.

A.the dangerous volcano might cause death of local people

B.the powerful volcano is sure to force the government to transfer the local people

C.the active volcano has been watched out carefully

D.all the local people have fled away from the area.

學(xué)生提出的問題是：為何選C不選B ？

解析：從文章第三段“……they were not ready to raise the alert to the hightest level ”可以看出：“警戒狀態(tài)還未上升到最高程度，說明當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姏]有死亡的危險，因此也就沒有必要馬上撤退。”所以選C不選B.