程書萍 葛秋東 盛昭瀚 劉小峰
摘 要:本文基于信息論對竣工決算審計模式與跟蹤審計模式下的大型工程合謀問題進行剖析,在此基礎上構(gòu)建合謀博弈模型,采用定性定量相結(jié)合的方法分析兩種審計模式下業(yè)主、施工承包商和監(jiān)理單位的決策行為及合謀條件。研究結(jié)果表明:監(jiān)理單位獨立性的喪失是竣工決算審計模式下合謀現(xiàn)象頻發(fā)的根本原因,而在跟蹤審計模式下,審計機構(gòu)的提前介入保證了監(jiān)理單位的獨立性,打破了業(yè)主在工程建設中一方獨大的局面,降低了合謀的可能性。此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大型工程規(guī)模越大,采用跟蹤審計的必要性就越大。
關鍵詞:大型工程;合謀;信息不對稱;竣工決算審計;跟蹤審計
中圖分類號:F239.63 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2012)01-0034-05
A Game Analysis of the Collusion in Large Construction Project
under Follow-up Audit Pattern
CHENG Shu-ping, GE Qiu-dong, SHENG Zhao-han, LIU Xiao-feng
(School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)
Abstract:Based on information theory, this paper analyze the collusion problem involved in large construction projects under both final accounts audit pattern and follow-up audit pattern, on this basis, builds the game model of the collusion, by using both qualitative and quantitative methods, analyze the decision-making behaviors and collusion conditions of employers, construction contractors and supervision units under two audit patterns. The results show that, the blocking of the key information channel——supervision units, is the basic reason for frequent collusions, but under the follow-up audit pattern, the early intervention of audit organizations ensures the independence of supervision units, breaks the domination of employers in the project construction, reduces the possibility of collusions. In addition, the study finds that, the larger the scale of large-scale projects is, more necessary using follow-up audit is.
Key words:large construction project; collusion; information asymmetry; final accounts audit; follow-up audit
1 引言
大型工程是指對社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有重大持續(xù)影響且綜合效益難以評價的一類工程[1],如蘇通大橋、三峽工程、京滬高速鐵路和在建中的港珠澳大橋等。我國大型工程建設在取得重大成績的同時,也暴露出諸如決策效率低、工程質(zhì)量差等嚴重問題[2],如湖北漢江大橋使用10年便成危橋,浙江長風大橋使用不到10年開裂被迫重修。工程問題觸目驚心,給國家和社會造成了巨大危害,而這些問題的背后正是合謀在作祟,工程建設中的合謀問題越來越引起關注。
大型工程的供應有限性和排他性導致了業(yè)主、施工承包商和監(jiān)理單位的合謀[3]。一些學者分析了合謀產(chǎn)生的條件,提出了防止合謀行為發(fā)生的建議和措施。……