面向廢棄物再利用的關聯供應鏈合作決策模型

李海燕 但斌 張旭梅 陳軍

摘 要：不同于傳統的單鏈式綠色供應鏈，關聯供應鏈是一種基于生產性廢棄物再利用的多供應鏈間合作模式。本文建立了關聯供應鏈兩核心生產商之間的非合作獨立決策模型和完全合作聯合決策模型，給出了廢棄物再利用可能存在的各種供求情形的定量化條件，以及在各種供求條件下兩核心生產商的主產品產量及價格策略。研究結果表明：當廢棄物供遠小于求時，上下游供應鏈合作的產量及利潤空間為零；當廢棄物供遠大于求時，下游供應鏈合作的產量空間最大，合作具有較大的利潤空間；當廢棄物供求相對平衡時，上游供應鏈合作的產量空間最大，關聯供應鏈可以獲得最大的合作利潤。

關鍵詞：綠色供應鏈；關聯供應鏈；廢棄物；合作決策

中圖分類號：F403.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5192(2012)01-0049-05

Study on the Cooperation Decision-making Model in Interrelated Supply Chainsfor Wastes Reusing Considerations

LI Hai-yan, DAN Bin, ZHANG Xu-mei, CHEN Jun

(College of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China)

Abstract:Difference from traditional green single supply chain, this paper discusses a multiple supply chains cooperation mode with the consideration of production wastes reusing, interrelated supply chain. We establish the uncooperative dynamic game model and the joint decision-making model. The different waste supply and demand quantificational conditions and the output and price strategy of main product under the above condition are given. Especially, through comparing the joint decision-making with the independent decision-making and data analyzing, the following are suggested: When waste supply is far less than demand, the cooperation space of system profit and main product output do not exist; When waste supply is far greater than demand, the cooperation space of main product output of upstream supply chain is the maximum, and the cooperation space of system profit is much bigger; When waste supply is almost equal to demand, the cooperation space of system profit and main product output of upstream supply chain are the largest.

Key words:green supply chain; interrelated supply chains; wastes; cooperation decision-making

1 引言

日益惡化的資源、環境問題給人類的生存和發展帶來威脅［1］。加工制造業一方面生產各類產品滿足人類基本生活需要，另一方面卻在消耗大量自然資源的同時產生大量廢棄物，這使得整個人類面臨著更為嚴峻的資源與環境壓力。為此，很多企業在追求利潤的同時，開始逐漸將其對社會和環境的責任融入到了公司使命與價值觀之中［2］。正如Simpson和 Power［3］指出的那樣，供應關系有助于引導合作性污染減排計劃的實施，有助于提供更經濟的環境解決方案，也更充分地讓企業認識到供應鏈在解決環境問題上的效率［4］。為此，旨在基于生產性廢棄物（生產過程中產生的副產品、共生品及殘渣等）供應關系以緩解資源環境壓力的生態工業得到了重視和發展［5,6］。……