摘 要:中考英語聽力測試題型主要有句子理解、對話理解和短文理解三種類型。聽句子理解包括聽句子選圖畫,聽句子作應答,聽句子選單詞或短語,聽句子選信息等。聽對話理解有聽對話選擇正確答案,聽對話選圖畫,聽對話回答問題等。聽短文理解有聽短文填寫,聽短文判斷正誤,聽短文選擇正確答案等。其意圖主要是考查學生對英語口頭語言材料的理解能力以及從語言材料中獲取信息和對信息進行判斷、歸納、綜合、運用的能力。
關鍵詞:中考;英語聽力;測試;題型
中圖分類號:G633.41文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1009-010X(2012)04-0025-11
在中學英語教學中,聽力是學生應具備的最重要的語言技能之一,是中考英語試題中的 一項重要測試內容。聽力測試的意圖主要是考查學生對英語口語的理解能力,以及從真實性語言材料中獲取信息、歸納判斷及正確提煉、記錄信息的能力。聽力內容涉及單詞的讀音、易混詞、數字、同義;涉及短語的表達方式以及日期、時間、價錢、讀圖、不同語言環境中的特殊用語等等。在聽力實體的設計上由淺入深,循序漸進,從知識到能力有一定梯度。同時,力求在句子、對話和語篇上考查聽力,重點考查對句子、對話和短文的理解。根據《中考英語命題指導》即《2005年課改實驗區初中畢業英語學業考試命題指導》要求,聽力測試應考查學生對英語口頭語言材料的理解能力以及從語言材料中獲取信息的能力。在理解信息的基礎上,考生還要能夠對信息進行判斷、歸納、綜合,有時還需要根據信息進行實際操作。
為了實現聽力測試的目標,達到聽力測試的要求,聽力測試采取了不同種類的題型。據統計,有十幾種題型,可謂題型多樣。在中學英語教學中,尤其在中考即將來臨之際,對諸多題型的認識和了解以及重點分析不僅十分必要,而且有著重大的現時意義。本文擬就近年全國各地中考英語聽力試題的常見題型進行簡要分析,重點對河北省中考英語聽力測試的題型進行分析預測,為英語教師提高試題甄別能力、出題能力以及組織進行針對性訓練提供參考。
一、各地中考英語聽力測試題型綜述
中考英語聽力測試題型主要有句子理解,對話理解和短文理解三種基本類型。其中多以選擇題為主,但也有的采用了部分主觀題型。這種變化說明了聽力試題已經由單純地“聽”到“聽與寫”的過渡。隨著課程改革的不斷深入,中考英語聽力測試題型也發生了很大的變化,出現了一些設計新穎、語言素材廣泛的題型。梳理歸納發現,近幾年全國各地中考英語聽力測試所采用的具體題型主要有: 聽句子,選出聽到的單詞或短語; 聽句子或句組,選出聽到的句子; 聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息;聽句子,選擇意思相近或相同的一項; 聽句子或句組選圖畫; 聽句子做應答; 聽短對話選擇正確答案或圖畫; 聽短對話回答問題; 聽短對話及問題選擇正確答案;聽對話連線; 聽對話或短文,在表格或圖表中填入正確的信息;聽短文回答問題;聽短文判斷正誤; 聽短文完成句子; 聽短文,填寫所缺的單詞;聽短文排序等。(詳見下表)
全國各地近幾年中考英語聽力測試常見題型(一)句子理解類題型
句子理解類題型主要考查學生捕捉句子中關鍵信息的能力。其目的旨在考查學生對日常交際用語的理解和應答能力,要求考生根據所聽到的句子或句組,從每小題所給出的三個選項中選出最佳選項。
句子理解類的具體題型大概有以下幾種。(下面以例析形式進行分析,題例保留原做題說明和題號。下同)
1.聽句子,選出你在句子中聽到的單詞或短語。此類題型主要考查學生的辨音能力。
題例:(2009安徽省)關鍵詞語選擇。你將聽到
五個句子,請在每小題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出一個你聽到的單詞或短語。
1. A. lonelyB. Lovely C. loudly
2. A. spaceB. Sport C. speed
3. A. voice B. nose C. noise
4. A. strictB. stick C. sweet
5. A. take offB. put offC.turn off
錄音材料:
1. What a lovly girl she is!
2. China has become the third country to walk in space.
3. The woman stopped when she heard the noise behind her.
4. The government should make strict laws to protect our environment.
5. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.
Key: B A C A C
分析:錄音材料以感嘆句和陳述句的形式出現,通過描述讓學生捕捉信息。以上五個小題的每個選項不聽錄音材料就能判斷彼此的讀音區別,考生很容易從所聽到的句子中得出正確答案。
2.聽句子或句組,選出你所聽到的句子。
題例:(2009濟南市)聽錄音,從每組句子中選出一個你所聽到的句子,每個句子讀一遍。
1. A. That story is really funny.
B. Let’s play computer games, Linda.
C. I don’t like documentaries beaces they’re boring.
2. A. Mike,is this your ruler?
B. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
C. Did everone have a good weekend?
3. A.Thank you for join us!
B.You’re never too young to start doing things.
C.You can meet so many interesting people as a report.
4. A.Who’s your favorite teacher?
B.Would you mind waiting for me?
C.Can I drink some hot tea with honey?
5. A.Don’t listen to music in class.
B.How much dose the T—shirt cost?
C.We need more actors for the talent show
(錄音材料略)
分析:這類試題仍屬于辨音識句題,考生在聽力考試時,思考的時間有限,要求他們在十幾秒的時間里作出選擇是比較困難的。
3.聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。
這種題型一般是考查學生在一個句子中捕捉信息的能力,給出的選項可以是讀音相近的單詞,可以是一組數字,也可以是短語和句子。
題例:(2010年河北)聽力部分第一節
第一題:聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。
1. A. iceB.rice C. voice
2. A. E2CR3FB.B2CR7F C. B2OR6F
3. A. talking on the photo
B. waiting for a photo
C. shouting at the photo
錄音材料:
No.1. Her sister has a sweet voice.
No.2. My license plate is B2CR7F.
No.3. John is busy talking on the photo.
Key: C B A
分析:這種題型旨在考查在語境中聽辨讀音近似的詞語的能力,其中語境為考生作答提供了考慮的機會。該題型有利于培養語音意識,兼顧對句意理解的考查,但這種題型不具有交際意義。
4.聽句子做應答。
題例:(2011年海南)情景反應(每小題1分,共5分)聽句子,選答語。根據你所聽到的問句,選擇恰當的答語。每句讀一遍。
6. A. How are you? B. Fine, thanks.
C. Nice to meet you.
7. A. Thank you. B. The same to you.
C. I hope so.
8. A. It’s Monday.B. It’s sunny.
C. It’s June 18.
9. A. Good idea.B. No, it isn’t.
C. I think so.
10. A. I have a headache.
B. I’m sorry. C. That’s all right.
題例:(2009河北)聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
6. A. Noodles. B. Coke.C. Roses.
7. A. I’m working. B. I’m very well.
C. I’m busy now.
8. A. That’s right. B. I don’t know.
C. Sorry, you’d better not.
9. A. Be careful! B. Never mind.
C. Not at all.
10. A. Good idea!B. Enjoy yourself!
C. Thank you!
錄音材料:
6. What’s your favorite food, boy?
7. How are you, Nancy?
8. Would you mind if I smoke here?
9. I’m sorry for losing your book.
10. Why not go swimming on such a hot day?
Key: A B C B A
分析:聽力材料以問題或句子的形式呈現,試題以選項的形式呈現,考查學生對課標中功能意念項目的了解并做出適當反應。
5.聽句子或句組選圖畫。
題例:(2011年海南) 聽句子,選圖畫(共5分,每小題l分)
聽句子,選擇與句子內容相符的圖片,將代表圖片的字母填在相應的序號后。每個句子讀兩遍。I. 聽句子,選圖畫(共5分,每小題l分)
分析:很多地區的中考選用了這種題型,要求學生根據聽力內容選擇正確的圖片。錄音材料以陳述句的形式出現,試題以圖片的形式呈現,聽力內容為圖片意義的描述。它要求考生在聽懂句意的基礎上,將關鍵的語音信息轉換成圖像信息。這種題型圖文并茂,對活潑卷面、激發學生聽力興趣有積極的作用。該題選項中多了一幅圖,可以避免學生機械地對號入座。
還有其他形式的聽音選圖題型,聽力內容有兩種情況,一種是對圖片內容的描述,另一種是與圖片內容相關的描述,主要考查學生理解事實細節并進行圖文轉換的能力。如:
題例:(2008泰州市) 聽下列四個句子,選出與所聽句子意思相符的圖畫,并將該圖畫的字母標號填入相應題號后的橫線上。
1)My mother had a bad headache yesterday.
2)I think Sydney Opera House is one of the best places in the world.
3)What bad weather! It’s pouring again.
4)Excuse me. You’re not allowed to cross the road here. Look at the sign.
分析:以圖片表達句意,要求學生在聽音前瀏覽每一副圖片,了解各圖片之間的差異,從而為聽音時“抓主要信息”做好準備,可提高答題的準確率。
(二)對話理解類題型
對話理解類題型主要考查學生對對話的理解能力以及從對話中獲取信息的能力。每一組對話就是一個重要的話題。2009年河北省考查了祝賀、喜好、邀請等話題。有的對話來回的次數比較多,有的試題要求對一些關鍵信息進行記錄,然后再根據問題具體作答。
對話理解具體題型大概有以下幾種:
1. 聽短對話選擇正確答案或圖畫。
題例:(2009河北)III. 聽對話和問題,選擇適當的選項。
12. Where do you think the woman will be tonight?
A. At a cinema.B. At a friend’s. C. At home.
錄音材料:
No.12. M: Would you like to go to a movie with me tonight?
W:Thanks for asking, but I’d rather stay at home.
Q:Where do you think the woman will be tonight?
分析:對話的關鍵信息蘊含在“but I’d rather stay at home”中,考生不僅從意思,還可以根據語氣進行判斷。答案:C
題例:(2007河北)III. 聽對話和問題,選擇適當的選項。
11. What’s the weather like now?
A.It’s rainy.B.It’s sunny. C.It’s cloudy.
12. Where is Jack’s sister?
A. In the hospital.B. At home.
C. At the office.
13. How many countries has John been to?
A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.
14. What’s Lily’s mother doing?
15. What are they talking about?
分析:這類題型通過聽一小段對話,其內容大多源于學生所熟悉的生活實際,通常與《英語課程標準》列舉的日常交際用語有關,具有很強的語境,旨在考查考生對錄音材料的理解和判斷能力。它要求考生能識別對話中的重要信息,進行簡單的推斷,并選出正確的答案。
2. 聽短對話回答問題。
題例:(2011海南):III. 對話理解(每小題1分,共5分
根據你所聽到的對話內容,選擇最佳選項回答問題。(每段對話讀兩遍)
聽第一段對話,回答第11~12小題。
11.Where are the two speakers?
A.In a shop. B.In a hospital.C.At home.
12.What color does the girl's father like?
A.Yellow.B.Blue.C.White.
聽第二段對話,回答第l3~15小題。
13.What kind of tour does the woman want to take?
A.A half- day tour.B.A full - day tour.
C.A day-and-evening tour.
14.What will happen to the children while their parents are away?
A.The hotel will look after them.
B.The man will take them to the theatre.
C.They will have the dinner entertainment in the hotel.
15.How much will the woman pay for her family?
A.70 pounds. B.140 pounds. C.200 pounds.
分析:對于“對話+選項”型的短對話理解,通常在聽音時重點捕捉與問題有關的重點信息,從而“聽出”正確答案。對于只有選項而無問題的短對話理解題,一般遵循由“選項”到“預測問題”的順序,最后到捕捉關鍵信息。
3.聽對話及問題選擇正確答案。
題例:(2011河南)聽下面5段對話。每段對活后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳答案,并將其標號填入題前括號內。每段對話讀兩遍。
( )1. Where is the woman going?
A. To a hospital. B. To a bookstore.
C. To a post office.
( )2. What does the boy usually do on weekends?
A. He does his homework.
B. He watches movies. C. He watches TV.
( )3. Whose coat is it?
A. Kate’s.B. Jim’s.C. John’s.
( )4. How many students are there in the classroom?
A. FiveB. Seven C. Twelve
( )5. What happened to the boy?
A. He broke his leg.B. He lost his bike.
C. He was late for class.
分析:聽對話回答問題是目前普遍的聽力考試方式,“聽對話選擇正確答案”是各地均采用的題型。對話可長可短,長對話可能有若干個輪次,要求學生回答2~5個問題;短對話往往只有一個輪次,要求學生根據聽到的一個問題,做出回答。考生所需要做答的問題可以錄制在錄音里,也可以印在試卷上。后者方便考生做答,并減輕對所聽內容記憶的負擔;前者注重對問題的聽,便于提高聽力,增加難度。
4.聽對話連線。(例略)
(三)短文理解類題型
短文理解類題型的小短文一般不設置生詞障礙,語句簡單,敘述直白,易于理解。它要求聽短文情節發展、人物關系、時間、原因及結果等具體信息,推理講話人或作者的態度、意圖等等。短文理解類具體題型主要有以下幾種:
1. 聽短文判斷正誤。
題例:(2009福建龍巖):聽短文判斷下列句子是否符合短文內容(符合用A表示,不符合用B表示)短文讀兩遍。
21. The young man sent roses to the girl as a birthday present.
22. The shopkeeper didn’t know the young man.
試題和錄音材料略。
2. 聽短文完成句子。(例略)
3. 聽短文,填空。
題例:(2007河北):聽力部分(第二節)聽短文填空。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
錄音材料: 下面你將聽到一段短文,短文讀兩遍。請你聽完短文的第二遍朗讀后,根據短文的意思和提示,將所缺信息填入信息表中相應的橫線上。
Robin is going to Newtown next month with his wife for his honeymoon. Because his friend has just returned from his trip there. Newtown used to be very dirty, but not any longer. In the past, there were millions of rats there. They attacked the cats and dogs. Sometimes, many of them even knocked down women and children walking home at night. The people were very lazy. They paid no attention to their environment. They threw rubbish everywhere, and never took it away. But now something was done to stop them. At first the government ordered everybody to kill the rats, but since most people were lazy, they didn’t kill many. Then the government promised to pay some money for each dead rat. Hearing this, the people killed thousands of rats every day. Before long there were no more rats there. That sounds interesting. But that was a terrible lesson.
Key:76. dirty /very dirty
77. cats and dogs
78. (they) knocked down
79. everybody/everyone
80. pay some money
4.聽短文選擇正確答案。
題例:(2011河南)V.短文理解(每小題1分,共5分)
聽短文,根據短文內容選擇正確答案。(短文讀兩遍)
16. In England many students takes jobs ________.
A. during their summer holidays B. during their school timeC. at the weekend
17. The students who takes jobs must be ______ years old.
A. 18B. 17C. 16
18. The students usually work _______.
A. all dayB. 4 or 5 hoursC. more than 8 hours
19. The workers want to _______ in summer.
A. spend their holidays with their families
B. stay at home with their families
C. find more jobs
20. The students take jobs to _______ for their own life.
A. learn something B. make some money
C. find some help
5.聽短文,在表格或圖表中填入正確的信息。
題例:(2008山東):聽短文,根據所聽內容完成下面的表格。(每空不多于三個詞)
聽力材料
10 rules for a long and happy life
Scientists have revealed 10 rules for a long and happy life.And the rules even allow for sunbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.
The first rule is to enjoy yourself. The second on the list is a happy marriage and good family life.Studies have shown those can add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two years to a woman’s life.Third,where you live also has a great effect on your health. Drinking wine, going to parties and eating chocolate belong to the fourth rule.Many studies showthat a little of those can do you good.The fifth rule says that you shouldexercise your brain to stay active. Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule.If you’re sick, go to doctors quickly.The next rule is to eat healthily.Rule 8 asks you to put more excitement into your life.Traveling or learning a new language can add years to your life.Rule 9 advises you to learn new technologies.Rule 10 is that you should smile and feel happier in life.
分析:用表格設題,使得任務更加明確,可以節省很多文字信息,給予考生更多的思考時間和空間。近年來許多地方中考英語試卷都采用這種聽力題型,如:北京、山東威海、山東濟寧、山東煙臺、新疆、河北、江西、福建龍巖等。該題要求考生根據所聽錄音內容和問題或提示完成表格,而且對考生的答和概括能力。該類試題有較高的區分度。
6.聽短文排序。
題例(2011河南)第三節 聽下面一篇短文。根據短文內容,將下列活動按照先后順序重新排序,并將其標號填寫在題號后的橫線上。短文讀兩遍。
分析:該題型考查考生的語言整合和概括能力,及對短文整體理解的能力。它要求聽懂短文意思,看懂試題A、B、C、D、E五句話的含意,然后根據短文原意,把試題中的五項活動重新排列。該題型對學生來說有一定的難度。
二、河北省中考英語聽力題型特點
和全國各地一樣,河北省中考英語聽力測試注重題型的設計和選擇, 從2004年起,沿用了句子理解、對話理解、語段以及短文理解等題型。其中包括:1. 聽句子,選信息; 2. 聽句子,選擇最佳答語;3. 聽對話,選擇適當選項;4. 聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案;5. 聽短文填信息等五種題型。現以2009~2011年河北省中考英語聽力試題為例,從題型特點和考查要求以及應對策略等方面進行簡要分析。
(一)聽句子選信息
題型特點:主要考查學生從句子中獲取信息的能力以及對句子的理解能力。命題在信息的設置上一般分為:單詞類,詞組類,數字類,句子類等。其中比較難的題一般是句子意義類的考題。
例1:2011河北省中考英語聽力試題:聽力部分第一節Ⅰ.聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
1. A. horse B. house C. mouth
2. A. D4562B. D2546C. D5624
3. A. wait for B. pay forC. play for
4. A. I’ll give Steven a cup.B. Steven will make tea.C. Steven will get a cup of tea.
5. A. You’re buying a telephone.
B. You’re making a phone call.
C. You’re answering the phone.
錄音材料:
No.1. Shelly is drawing a picture of her house.
No.2. The train D4562 for Beijing is checking in now.
No.3. You should pay for the books if you lose them.
No.4. Steven, I’ll get a cup of tea for you.
No.5. Sorry, the phone you’re calling is busy now.
Key:B A B C B
例2:2009河北省中考英語聽力試題:聽力部分第一節 Ⅰ. 聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
1. A. lessonB. listC. license
2. A. go to the station B. ask a question C. take a vacation
3. A. jks9645@126.comB. jks9654@126.comC. jks9546@126.com
4. A. I’m leaving by air.B. Tom’s leaving by air.C. They’re leaving together by air.
5. A. They will meet each other soon.
B. They met somewhere not long ago.
C. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
錄音材料:
1. Please go over the lesson after class.
2. Mark will take a vacation pretty soon.
3. My e-mail address is jks9654@126.com.
4. Tom, I’ll go to the ariport to see you off tomorrow.
5. Hi, Lily. It’s a long time since we met last.
Key: ACBBC
題型分析:單詞、短語和數字層面的試題主要是結合句意區分一些發音相近的詞或詞組,屬于中低難度試題,容易得分;句子層面的試題比較難,一方面選項比較長,另一方面試題比較靈活,這種題在命題時一般會從“同義句轉換”和 “句子的言外之意”上做文章,屬于高難度試題。
例如2009年的第4、5小題:4. A. I’m leaving by air.B. Tom’s leaving by air.C. They’re leaving together by air.
錄音材料:No.4. Tom, I’ll go to the airport to see you off tomorrow.作答的關鍵在于是否捕捉到關鍵信息“see sb. off, 為……送行”。
第5小題 A. They will meet each other soon. B. They met somewhere not long ago.C. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
錄音材料:No.5. Hi, Lily. It’s a long time since we met last. 則應對關鍵信息詞“last,上次”聽懂、理解,這是答題的關鍵。
在平時教學中可要求學生注意積累一些同義句轉換的典型試題。總結一些同義詞組、句型。例如:be full of =be filled with; be good at = do well in; be proud of =take pride in; be in = be at home;too…to…= not enough…to…;on week days = from Monday to Friday等。
(二)聽句子,選最佳答案
題型特點:此題主要考查學生在不同語境下的交際能力。命題依據主要來源于考試說明的十一項功能意念項目。如:
例3:2011河北省中考英語聽力試題:Ⅱ. 聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
6. A. I don’t know.B. I don’t have it.
C. It’s Jim Green.
7. A. In two weeks.B. Twice a month.
C. For two days.
8. A. No, thanks.B. Yes, please.
C. Okay, I will.
9. A. Wonderful!B. Well done!
C. No hurry!
10. A. But it’s true.B. Bad luck!
C. Go to see a doctor.
錄音材料:
No.6. May I have your name, please?
No.7. How often do you go to the movies?
No.8. Always remember to say please and thank you, boy!
No.9. I’d like you to meet Lucy, my good friend.
No.10. Oh, Really? I can’t believe my eyes!
Key:C B C A A
例4:2010年河北省中考英語聽力試題:Ⅱ. 聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
6. A. You’re so kind. B. Thanks,you too!
C.That would be kind.
7. A. I play the piano.B. I go to work.
C. I’m a pliceman.
8. A.twenty-eight yuan. B.Three hundred miles.
C.Two and a half years.
9. A.Yes,please.B. Sorry,I can’t.
C. Never mind.
10. A. But it’s not true.
B. I don’t belive in god.
C.Wow,it’s already 12 o’clock!
錄音材料:(略)
應對策略:除去平時多聽多練之外,還要認真學習考試說明上的功能意念項目內容,一定要關注熱點內容,比如問候、祝愿、感謝、道歉、愿望、計劃等。另外還要注意教學解題技巧,讓學生做到提前審題,分析選項的差異,做到心中有數,然后再根據聽力材料中句子的特點選擇答案,選擇時要保證句子與選項在時態、人稱、數上的一致性。
(三)聽對話,選答案
題型特點:從2010年起這類題型的試題只有選項而無問題,對話和問題在錄音中呈現。在對話中考查學生在不同的交際語境中對各種話題的理解力。熱點話題有:天氣、購物、習慣、問候、邀請、飲食等。為了增加干擾項的有效性,對話的來回比較多,句子比較長。如:
例5:2011河北省中考英語聽力試題:III. 聽對話和問題,選擇正確的選項。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
11. A. On the farm.B. At the zoo.
C. In the garden.
12. A. Moving a picture.B. Painting a picture.
C. Taking a picture.
13. A. Tennis. B. Football.C. Skating.
14.A B C
15. A BC
錄音材料:
No.11. M: Mom, can I buy some bananas?
W: What for?
M: To feed the monkeys.
W: Oh, no way, dear. Feeding is not allowed here!
Q: Where are they probably talking?
No.12. M: Move left a little bit. One more step...Ready? Smile! Okay! Good!
W: I don’t want to take any more. It takes so long to take one picture.
Q: What are they doing now?
No.13. M: Hi, Sally! What is your favourite sport?
W: I like to play tennis in summer. Myavourite winter sport is skating. How about you?
M: My favourite sport is playing football. To be honest, I like watching football games best.
Q: What is Sally’s favourite sport in summer?
No.14. M: How shall we go to Dalian, by plane or by bus?
W: Well, I thought we should go traveling by ship for a change, so I bought two ship tickets.
M: Oh, great! That’s a surprise for me! I love the sea!
Q: How are they going to Dalian?
No.15. M: Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can find a bank?
W: A bank? Yes, there is one on the corner of Victoria Street and Hilton Road,next to the post office.
M: Thank you very much. Goodbye!
W: Goodbye!
Q: Which is the right picture for the bank?
Key:11. B 12. C13. A14. C 15. B
應對策略:學生在答題時要注意觀察每個選項,并對比選項的差異,同時推測每一個選項的可能性,做到心中有數。在平時要多聽長一點的對話,注意對關鍵信息的捕捉,要特別關注選項涉及到數字的練習題,有時可能會出現簡單的計算題。
(四)聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案
題型特點:聽語段、對話類試題主要考查學生在更大的語境下獲取信息和處理信息的能力。一般設有3~4個聽力材料,前2~3個為50~100詞左右的小語段,每個語段后提出1~2或3個問題,最后一個為一段較長的對話,回答4~5個問題。此題主要考查學生對較長的語言材料的理解能力和獲取關鍵信息的能力。由于材料比較長,所以學生作答時相對有難度。
例6:2009年河北中考試題第16、17題:
16. Which lesson are they going to learn?
A. Lesson 8. B. Lesson 16. C. Lesson 18.
17. What will the students do first?
A. Have a free talk. B. Choose the best answer.
C. Listen to a conversation.
錄音材料:Hello, everyone! Today we are going to learn Lesson 18. Now, we’ll have listening practice. First you will hear a question and a short conversation. And then look at the four possible answers. Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D and write it in the box.
Question No.16. Which lesson are they going to learn?
Question No.17. What will the students do first?
16小題在原文中能聽到直接信息“Today we are going to learn Lesson 18.”,17小題的信息在原文的基礎上稍微轉換了一下,將“heard”轉換成了“listen to”,所以難度并不大,只要有一定的基礎,在考試時沉著冷靜,就可正確解答此題。
答案:16. C 17. C
例7:2011河北中考英語聽力試題:Ⅳ. 聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案。(共10小題,每小題1分,計10分)
16. Who do you think is speaking now?
A. A teacher.B. A student.C. A reporter.
17. What can the students do with their parents during dinner?
A. Play cards or chess. B. Make model toys.
C. Talk about weekdays.
18. What can you buy at the store?
A. A good glass.B. A small gift.
C. A pair of glasses.
19. How many days is the store open in a week?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.
20. What time does the store close on Monday?
A. At 5: 30 pm.B. At 7: 00 pm.
C. At 8: 00 pm.
21. Why did Cindy go to bed late last night?
A. She watched TV late.
B. She studied for an exam.
C. She played on the computer.
22. What does Cindy plan to do tonight?
A. Review again. B. Ask for help.
C. Make a suggestion.
23. How does Cindy feel about her exam?
A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Nervous.
24. Who is always the best at history?
A. Peter.B. Cindy.C. Kevin.
25. Where will they meet after school?
A. At Mrs. Brown’s office.
B. At the school gate.C. At the school library.
錄音材料:
下面請聽第一篇材料,并回答第16~17題。
Hi class! Let’s get started. Now take out a piece of paper. Do not write your name on it. On one side of the paper, write the most important language points you’ve learned in this lesson. On the other side of the paper, write any questions you don’t understand in class. I will collect this paper and then answer your questions next time we meet.
Question No. 16. Who do you think is speaking now?
Question No. 17. What should the students write on the other side of the paper?
下面請聽第二篇材料,并回答第18~20題。
Welcome to Bright Eye Store! This is the best store in eyeglasses for you and your family. Our store hours are Monday to Friday, 8:00 am to 5:30 pm. We’re open on Saturdays until 7: 00, and closed on Sundays.
Please visit our store on Saturdays, you can get 20% off on our prices, and you can also get a small gift. Please remember: eye exams are free! Thank you!
Question No. 18. What can you buy at the store?
Question No. 19. How many days is the store open in a week?
Question No. 20. What time does the store close on Monday?
下面請聽第三篇材料,并回答第21~25題。
M: Hello, Cindy.
W: Hi, Kevin.
M: Cindy, you look tired, what’s the matter?
W: I went to bed too late last night.
M: Why? Did you watch TV or play on the computer?
W: Neither. I had to study history. You know, I’ve got an exam tomorrow.
M: Are you ready for it now?
W: No, I plan to review it again tonight. Yesterday I went to Mrs. Brown’s office. I promised her that I won’t fail this time. I really feel nervous about it.
M: Relax, Cindy. Listen, I have a suggestion, why don’t we go to the school library and study together?
W: Oh, that would be fine. I know you’re better at history than me. I can learn a lot from you!
M: Actually Peter is always the best at history in class! Why not ask him?
W: Good idea! This way, we can both study better. So when and where shall we meet?
M: At the school gate after school, around 4:30 ?
W: Peter and I will clean the classroom first today, how about 5:00?
M: That works for me. See you then!
W: See you!
Question No. 21. Why did Cindy go to bed late last night?
Question No. 22. What does Cindy plan to do tonight?
Question No. 23. How does Cindy feel about her exam?
Question No. 24. Who is the best at history in class?
Question No. 25. Where will they meet after school?
Key:16~25:A C C B A B A C A B
應對策略:訓練學生抓緊時間審題,尤其要注意分段審題,為了學生審題方便,卷面在設置上體現了人性化的特點,在每段材料的問題下面設有分割線。這樣有利于學生分段審題,我們要充分利用這個便利條件,通過問題及選型,迅速把握文章的主要內容與脈絡,抓住關鍵詞,正確作答。
(五)聽短文,填空
試題特點:此題無論是在選材上,還是在對學生能力的要求上都算得上最有難度的試題,在考查學生聽力的同時考查學生用聽到的信息書寫、補全句子的能力。從短文內容的選擇上看,近幾年涉及到旅游、通知、說明、天氣預報等口語化比較強的短文,從設題的特點上看,一般會涉及到直接信息題和間接信息題,而間接信息題是最容易造成學生失分的考題。
例8:2011河北中考英語聽力試題
Ⅷ.聽短文填空(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
Information Sheet
71. The weather report is for the next ________ days.
72. From tomorrow on, most northern areas will be very ______.
73. The snowstorm will start a__________ tomorrow.
74. At night, the temperature will fall below 0℃_______.
75. In the west, it'll ______ from tomorrow to Sunday.
聽力材料:聽力部分第二節 聽短文填空。下面你將聽到一篇短文,短文讀兩遍。請你聽完短文的第二遍朗讀后,根據短文的內容和提示,在信息表中相應的橫線上填入所缺信息。
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Here is theeather report for the next three days.
From tomorrow on, most northern areas will be very cold. There will be a strong snowstorm. The storm will start around noon tomorrow and it won’t end until Sunday. We should expect temperatures to drop below 0℃.
In the southern areas, the temperature will stay around 10℃ during the day, but at night, it’ll fall below 0℃.
In the west, it’ll rain tomorrow, and on Saturday and Sunday. The rain will be followed by cloudy skies during certain times of the day. Now, let’s go back to the newsroom for a look at what's in sports.
Key:
71. 3 / three
72. cold
73. noon / 12 (at) noon / 12: 00 (at) noon / twelve (o’clock) (at) noon
74. in the south / in the southern areas
75. rain / be rainy / be raining
題型分析:本題對學生的要求比較高,既要求學生聽懂錄音材料,還要求學生將獲取的重要信息寫下來,進一步考查學生綜合語言的運用能力。當然試題在設計時盡可能考查所給語言材料的直接信息和主要信息。
本題從給出的信息可判斷出,聽力材料應該為一則天氣預報,第一小題應該為數字信息,第二小題為表示天氣的形容詞,第三小題為時間狀語,第四小題地點狀語,第五小題是實意動詞,因為此處缺謂語部分。如果在較短的時間內進行充分審題,就為做聽力填空題做好了鋪墊。
在作答此題時,第四小題的正答率是最低的,主要原因是此題為間接信息題,試題在設置上將聽力材料中的信息放在了后面,再加上對句子所缺信息的特點分析不到位,學生就很難正確作答此題。建議在日常的教學中多做類似的練習,此外,還要做錄音聽寫、聽錄音記錄關鍵信息等練習,加強綜合語言的運用能力。
充分審題是正確作答的關鍵。本題總共給出五個殘缺不全的句子,考生在聽前可以通過這些殘缺信息推斷聽力材料的內容,同時結合語法知識猜測所缺內容的可能性較為有利。
三、2012年河北省中考英語聽力測試題型預測
(一)測試題型漸趨成熟
“聽句子選信息”; “聽句子,選最佳答語”;“聽對話,選答案”;“聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案”;“聽短文,填空”五種題型是近幾年河北省中考英語聽力測試的常見題型。如下表:
河北省中考英語聽力測試常規題型
隨著新課程標準的實施和新的教學形勢的要求,在基本題型穩定不變的情況下,河北省中考英語聽力試題從題型到內容,從題數、選項到分值不斷調整和完善,穩中有變。如從2004年以來,分數比例和選項的微調 :2004~2005年計40分,占整個試卷120分的三分之一;2006年計30分,占整個試卷120分的25% (四分之一),以后至2011年一直沿用這個分值。
試題各部變化大致如下:第一至四大題由包含6個小題到包含5個小題,每小題的選項由4項到3項,第三大題由全部選圖到三個小題選文字和兩個小題選圖,從2010年以前的“試題呈現問題和選項”到2010年和2011年的“試題只呈現選項“;第四題聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案”微調比較多,幾乎每年有變,如聽力材料段數的變化:3段~2段~4段~3段,問題的變化:12個~10個~5~10個。最近兩年,第四題聽力材料趨于3段,問題趨于10個,每個小題計1分,共計10分。總之英語聽力測試向著考雙基、考能力、面向學生、面向實際的目標不斷發展,不斷完善,已經成為比較成熟的題型。
( 二)保持穩定,注重能力
從保持一定穩定性出發, 2012河北中考英語聽力試題應沿用五種常規題型,總體難度預測應是圍繞中間難度做不大的難易變動,命題會在平穩過渡的基礎上略有提高。根據《中考說明》的精神,試題還將按照相對難度分為容易題、中等題、難題,試卷以中等難度題為主,總體難度適當。整體而言,它更加注重聽力理解能力的考查,設計上由淺入深,由易到難,循序漸進;層次上力求在句子、對話和語篇上考查聽力,而重點則放在考查句子理解、對話理解和短文理解上。試題分兩小節,分布在卷I 和卷II上,題型應該有以下幾種。答題方式為選擇與客觀。
“聽力部分第一節”(選擇選項):
第一題:聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息;
第二題:聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語;
第三題:聽對話和問題,選擇適當的選項;
第四題:聽對話、短文和問題,選擇正確答案;
“聽力部分第二節”(填寫信息):
第八題:聽短文填空。從考查的具體內容來看,第I題重點考查學生捕捉句子中關鍵信息的能力,內容有單詞辨音、數字、短語辨義、同義句理解。第II題重點考查學生對日常交際用語的理解和應答能力。從句子的功能看有一般疑問句、陳述句、特殊疑問句、祈使句。從內容來看多為日常生活中經常出現的話題。第III題重點考查學生對所聽對話以及相關信息的理解能力,內容一般涉及身體健康、時間、價錢、天氣、物品等。在該題中聽力材料的長度一般為1~1.5個輪回。第IV題主要考查學生對所聽語言材料的理解能力。其中聽力材料中有聽語段、長對話等,內容涉及問路、就餐、學習、考試等,從內容來看,材料淺顯易懂,而且都是學生在日常生活中經常遇到或熟悉的場景。而從設題來看,所有小題多為特殊疑問句,內容有時間、日期、地點、原因、方式、事件等,也就是說基本考查表層內容的理解。聽力的最后一題是考查學生對所聽語言材料的理解能力和正確獲取信息以及正確書寫的能力。今年的聽力試題在選材上會更新穎,是學生在考試中應注意的事項,考查的內容也是學生在考試中所能注意到的關鍵信息,應該說只要學生能夠聽懂大意,答對試題不是很難。
(三)回歸基礎,關注熱點
命題會一如既往,注重基礎。綜合階段的復習一定要回歸基礎,切忌鉆“難、偏、怪”題。結合專項知識點的鞏固,輔之以綜合模擬訓練,及時總結,調整復習側重點,把語言知識放在各種實際的語境中復習,注重問題的真實性、情景性和完整性。
試題對時代熱點和社會生活的關注對備考時材料的選擇具有指導意義,應多關注一些時文,閱讀一些英文報紙和雜志。
總之,從上面的分析可以看出,今年中考英語聽力測試題型不應有較大幅度的變動,聽力的難度不會增加。我們在復習備考訓練的策略上不應有較大變動,教學應鼓勵學生對自己充滿信心,通過適應性訓練熟悉聽力測試題型及要求,從而為取得好成績打下扎實基礎。
參考文獻:
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[2]左煥琪,外語教育展望[M].上海華東師范大學出版社,2002.
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