城市的地鐵與公交不僅僅是人們出行的交通工具,更是一個城市的文化展廳。且不說這些公共交通場所里引人眼球的巨幅海報或電視節目所展現的城市文化,單單聊一聊這里流傳著的詩歌,便會讓人覺得妙趣橫生。本文摘取了世界公共交通場所中的八大優秀詩歌,它們或選自名家之作,或來自普通乘客,都以或詼諧、或調侃、或抒情、或哀嘆的筆調寫出了旅人們“在路上”的感受與心聲。
There’s a well-known poetry installation1) in the New York City subway system called “A Commuter’s Lament, or a Close Shave2),” written by the late Norman Colp3). The poem reveals itself on a series of ceiling beams in the high-traffic tunnel connecting the Port Authority4) and Times Square subway stops. Depending on your outlook in life the poem is either a bleak “ode to futility and resignation,” as the New York Times City Room blog has called it, or an honest reflection of the tireless and tiresome daily commute:
Overslept,/So tired./If late,/Get fired./Why bother?/Why the pain?/Just go home./Do it again.
But then the poem got an unexpected line edit from a college student in the Bronx5) with a more upbeat6) perspective on things. “Overslept” became “Overexcited.” “Why the pain” became “Much to gain.” And so on. The culprit just wanted to make the city “a little bit of a happier place,” according to the Daily News. But Colp’s widow wasn’t too happy about the stunt—“why be optimistic?” she told the News—and neither was the city’s transit authority, which quickly restored the original wording.
The incident got us thinking about transit poetry in general. There’s actually quite a lot of it: carved into station walls, lining the ad panels of train cars, graffitied onto bus stand walls, and so on. In no particular order, and with a slight preference for works with a transportation theme, here are some of our favorite transit poems from around the globe.
New York 紐約
“To You” by Walt Whitman7)
Poetry in Motion8) graced cars of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority9) for 18 years, from 1992 to 2008, before giving way to a related program, Train of Thought, which itself gave way to M.T.A. house ads in late 2010. In March, 2011, there was talk of reviving Poetry in Motion— M.T.A. chief Jay Walder reportedly loves himself a good verse—but with Walder out now the program’s future is uncertain. Still New York City subway cars have housed a great many poems in the past, including these fitting lines from Whitman’s “Inscriptions,” in the 1891 edition of Leaves of Grass, via Poetry in Motion:
STRANGER! if you, passing, meet me, and desire to speak to me,
why should you not speak to me?
And why should I not speak to you?
Chicago 芝加哥
“Taxi” by Elise Paschen10)
The Chicago section of Poetry in Motion ran a 1996 poem by Elise Paschen, from her work Infidelities, about the joys of sitting in a traffic jam in the Loop with a love interest11). (Perhaps a subconscious reminder from the Chicago Transit Authority that sometimes public transportation is more efficient?) The work concludes:
I’m not immune
to your deft12) charm
in one stalled car
I’d like to take
you as you are
Philadelphia 費城
“Window” by Carl Sandburg13)
One more work courtesy of14) Poetry in Motion, this time one that appeared on Philadelphia’s SEPTA15) system. It’s from a Carl Sandburg compilation called Chicago Poems, oddly enough, but evokes a joy of train travel that’s universal:
Night from a railroad car window
is a great, dark, soft thing
broken across with slashes of light
Los Angeles 洛杉磯
“Out the Window” series by Marisela Norte
Via Streetsblog L.A. we learn about a brand new effort to flash poetry on the television boxes along certain bus routes in Los Angeles. The poems were written by regular rider Marisela Norte, and they appear on video screens at five intersections; the one below can be found at the corner of Wilshire and Fairfax.
blue pencils
pomegranates16)
where did your dreams take you last night
San Francisco 舊金山
“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost17)
In July, 2011, the blog Muni18) Diaries, which writes about travel along the “sometimes crappy19), sometimes efficient” transit system in San Francisco, posted a photo of a few lines from a Robert Frost gem20) scrawled onto the inside wall of a city bus stand. The anonymous scribbler doesn’t appear to have attributed21) the lines, and even messed up the first word (writing “And” for “But”), but as far as bus riders are concerned his or her heart was in the “write” place (see what we did there). Here is the poem’s final stanza in its entirety:
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
Washington, D.C. 華盛頓特區
“The Wound Dresser” by Walt Whitman
A few years back the Washington Metro began to carve poems into the stone walls of certain stops with the theme of caring for others. Part of this Whitman poem from Leaves of Grass was written into the north entrance of the Dupont Circle station. The selection omits the final two lines of verse:
Thus in silence in dreams’ projections,
Returning, resuming, I thread my way through the hospitals;
The hurt and wounded I pacify with soothing hand,
I sit by the restless all dark night—some are so young;
Some suffer so much—I recall the experience sweet and sad ...
“J’ai Dit Parfois” by Pierre Tilman
A passenger on the Paris Metro snapped a shot of this Tilman poem somewhere between Abbesses and Chacirc;teau de Vincennes, calling it “a very welcome diversion from all the HM Jimmy Choo22) adverts.” She even bothered to provide a rough translation of the poem; it begins, provocatively23):
I said sometimes
I said yes
I said no ...
Which, as it happens, could serve as the default responses to the following transit questions: Does the train arrive on time? Would you prefer that it did? Do you expect that it will?
Ernest Bryll
The Wiersze w Metrze program began in 2008 with a general focus on modern European poetry, but in 2011 it narrowed the lens to contemporary Polish poets. This work by the decorated24) poet Ernest Bryll was translated into English by Elzbieta Wojcik-Leese. It begins:
Why do we wake up every morning so exhausted
As if each night we did not sleep a wink,
How come our faces so grey, and our eyes so old,
Why are we always in such a rush
Norman Colp would no doubt approve.
在紐約的地鐵系統中,有一個廣為人知的詩歌“展品”,詩的名字叫《一個通勤者的哀嘆,或者死里逃生》,作者是已故的諾曼·科爾普。這首詩被展示在連接港務局站和時報廣場站的快速交通隧道的平頂梁上。怎么理解這首詩取決于你的人生觀:既可以像《紐約時報》城市房間博客所稱呼的那樣將之理解為一首凄涼的“徒勞與無奈的頌歌”,也可以將之看成是對永不停息而又索然乏味的日常通勤的忠實寫照:
睡過了頭,/如此疲憊。/如果遲到,/就被辭退。/何苦費力?/何必痛苦?/不妨回家,/從頭再來。
但后來,這首詩出人意料地被逐行篡改了。改詩的人是一位來自布朗克斯的大學生,他看待事物的視角無疑更為樂觀。“睡過了頭”被改成了“熱血沸騰”,“何必痛苦”改成了“收益良多”,如此等等。根據《每日新聞報》的報道,這位篡改者只不過是想給這個城市“稍稍增加點樂趣”。但科爾普的遺孀對這種噱頭很是不滿。“為什么非要樂觀不可呢?”她對《每日新聞報》說。紐約市交通管理部門對此也不滿意,他們很快就恢復了原來的詩句。
這件事促使我們對寫于公交場所的詩歌進行一番整體性思考。公交場所的詩歌其實很多,有的刻在石頭墻上,有的襯在火車車廂廣告牌里,還有的涂寫在公共汽車站的墻壁上,不一而足。下面是我們從世界各地摘取的一些我們最喜愛的公交場所詩歌,排序不分先后,但稍稍傾向于那些關于交通主題的作品。
《給你》,沃爾特·惠特曼
從1992年到2008年的18年來,“移動的詩歌”一直在為大都會運輸署的車輛增光添彩,直至被另一個相關項目“思緒的火車”所代替,而“思緒的火車”項目又于2010年下半年被大都會運輸署自身的廣告所取代。2011年3月,有人提及要恢復“移動的詩歌”。據說,大都會運輸署署長杰伊·華爾德本人就喜歡優美的詩歌。但如今華爾德已不在任了,這個項目的前途如何就不得而知了。然而,紐約市地鐵車廂內仍保留著過去留下的大量詩歌,其中包括通過“移動的詩歌”項目展示的惠特曼的詩。下面這幾行文字就選自惠特曼1891年版《草葉集》中的《銘文》這一章節,內容十分切合交通場景:
陌生人!如果你在經過時遇到我,
想要和我交談,
為什么你就不能和我交談呢?
為什么我又不能和你交談呢?
《出租車》,埃莉澤·帕申
“移動的詩歌”芝加哥部分采用了一首埃莉澤·帕申于1996年寫的詩,選自她的作品《不忠》,寫的是在芝加哥魯普區乘坐出租車遭遇堵塞時,和心儀之人坐在車里一起等待的樂趣。(莫非芝加哥交通局是在暗示人們公共運輸有時效率更高?)詩的結尾是這樣的:
在熄火的汽車里
對你靈動的魅力
我毫無抵抗力
我甘愿接受
你的一切
《窗戶》,卡爾·桑德伯格
這又是“移動的詩歌”項目的一個杰作,這次是出現在費城的東南賓夕法尼亞州運輸署系統中的詩歌。這首詩摘自卡爾·桑德伯格編撰的《芝加哥詩集》。該詩聽起來非常怪異,但卻能喚起人們在乘火車旅行時所普遍感受到的樂趣:
火車窗外的夜
是一個龐然大物,黑暗,柔軟
一把把光的利劍將其砍斷
《窗外》系列,瑪麗塞拉·諾特
通過博客“洛杉磯街道”,我們了解到一個嶄新的嘗試,即在洛杉磯某些公交線路沿途的電視屏幕上展示詩歌。詩的作者是經常乘坐公交車的瑪麗塞拉·諾特,詩歌在五個交叉路口旁的電視大屏幕上投放。下面這首詩出現在威爾希爾大街和費爾法克斯大街的交叉口:
藍色鉛筆
石榴
昨晚你們在夢中去了哪里
《雪夜林邊小駐》,羅伯特·弗羅斯特
博客“市政日記”主要撰寫關于乘坐舊金山市公交系統的旅途感想,稱其“有時很糟糕,有時效率很高”。2011年7月,該博客發布了一張照片,照片上是從羅伯特·弗羅斯特的一首杰作中摘取的幾行詩,不知被誰涂鴉在一個公交站內的墻上。這位不知名的涂鴉者似乎沒有注明這首詩的作者,甚至連第一個詞都搞錯了(將And寫成了But)。但是就乘車者而言,這位涂鴉者是用心在寫的,感情是無“寫”可擊的(你瞧我這詞用的)。(譯注:作者這里在玩文字游戲,原本是in the right place,卻寫成in the write place。)下面是這首詩完整的最后一節:
樹林可愛、幽暗而又深邃,
但我還有承諾要去兌現,
在睡覺之前我還要走很遠很遠,
在睡覺之前我還要走很遠很遠。
《傷口包扎者》,沃爾特·惠特曼
幾年前,華盛頓地鐵公司開始在某些車站的石頭墻上雕刻詩歌,主題是關愛他人。杜邦環島站北入口處就刻了惠特曼《草葉集》里的一首詩,只刻了詩的一部分。摘選部分省略了詩歌的最后兩行:
就這樣,在沉默中,在夢幻般的現實中,
我回來了,又干起了老本行,穿梭在一家家醫院里;
用撫慰的手去安慰傷者的傷痛,
在漆黑的夜晚我通宵坐在煩躁的傷者旁——他們有些人是那么年輕;
有些人是那么痛苦 ——我記起這段甜蜜又憂傷的經歷……
《我說有時候》,皮埃爾·特爾曼
巴黎地鐵的一位乘客在阿貝斯站和文森城堡站之間的某個地方抓拍到了這首特爾曼的詩歌,稱其“挺解悶的,尤其是能讓人從鋪天蓋地的HM以及周仰杰鞋業廣告中解脫出來”。她甚至還不嫌麻煩地提供了一個大致的譯文。這首詩的開頭就很煽情:
我說有時候
我說是的
我說不……
這首詩正好可以用作對如下交通問題的默認回答:地鐵能準時到達嗎?你希望它準時到達嗎?你覺得它能準時到達嗎?
歐內斯特·布里爾
“地鐵上的詩歌”項目始于2008年,一般以展示現代歐洲詩歌為主,但在2011年將范圍縮小,僅限于當代波蘭詩人。下面這首詩是授勛詩人歐內斯特·布里爾的作品,由埃爾貝塔·沃杰希克-里斯譯成英文。詩的開頭是這樣的:
為什么每天早晨醒來我們如此疲憊
仿佛每個夜晚都沒有合眼,
為什么我們的面孔如此灰暗,眼睛如此蒼老,
為什么我們總是如此匆匆
對詩中所說,諾曼·科爾普無疑會表示贊同。
1.installation [#716;#618;nst#601;#712;le#618;#643;n] n. 藝術展覽,(由多幅圖片或多個物體組合而成的)藝術作品
2.close shave:幸免于難,僥幸脫險
3.Norman Colp:諾曼·科爾普(1945~2007),美國當代藝術家。文中提到的詩歌寫于1991年。
4.Port Authority:紐約港務局
5.Bronx:布朗克斯,紐約市最北端的一區
6.upbeat [#712;#652;pbi#720;t] adj. 歡快的,樂觀的
7.Walt Whitman:沃爾特·惠特曼(1819~1892),美國著名詩人、人文主義者。其代表詩集為《草葉集》(Leaves of Grass)。這里的《給你》(“To You”)選自《草葉集》第一章《銘文》(“Inscriptions”)。
8.Poetry in Motion:“移動的詩歌”項目,始于1992年,由美國大都會運輸署與美國詩歌協會聯合推行,主要負責發展公共交通系統內的詩歌展示。
9.Metropolitan Transportation Authority:大都會運輸署,紐約交通管理機構,英文縮寫為M.T.A.。
10.Elise Paschen:埃莉澤·帕申,詩人,“移動的詩歌”項目的創始人和編輯
11.love interest:心儀之人
12.deft [deft] adj. 靈巧的
13.Carl Sandburg:卡爾·桑德伯格(1878~1967),美國作家、編輯,其作品以詩歌最為著名,曾三次獲得普利策獎,代表作為下文提到的《芝加哥詩集》(Chicago Poems)。
14.courtesy of:由……提供
15.SEPTA:東南賓夕法尼亞州運輸署,英文全稱為Southeast Pennsylvania Transportation Authority,主要管理費城及其周邊的公共交通事務。
16.pomegranate [#712;p#594;m#618;ɡraelig;n#618;t] n. 石榴
17.Robert Frost:羅伯特·弗羅斯特(1874~1963),20世紀最受歡迎的美國詩人。他曾四次獲得普利策獎,并多次獲得其他獎項及榮譽,被稱為美國文學中的桂冠詩人,留下了《未曾選擇的路》(The Road Not Taken)、《雪夜林邊小駐》(Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening)等許多膾炙人口的作品。
18.Muni [#712;mju#720;n#618;] adj. 市政的
19.crappy [#712;kraelig;pi] adj. 糟糕的,令人厭惡的
20.gem [d#658;em] n. 珍品
21.attribute [#601;#712;tr#618;bju#720;t] vt. 認為……屬于
22.Jimmy Choo:一個世界知名的鞋子品牌,其品牌名稱為著名華裔鞋子設計師周仰杰的英文名,該品牌受到好萊塢明星的熱捧。
23.provocatively [pr#601;#712;v#594;k#601;t#618;vli] adv. 煽情地
24.decorate [#712;dek#601;re#618;t] vt. 給……授勛