院士風采

1924.12.25～2011.02.26

核物理學家。湖北武漢人。1945年畢業于西南聯合大學。1950年獲美國密執安大學物理學博士學位。國防科學技術工業委員會科學技術委員會主任、研究員，中國科協第四屆主席。早期主要從事核物理、原子能技術方面的科學研究工作，發表有《符合測量：（Ⅰ）β能譜》、《符合測量：（Ⅱ）內轉換》、《研究性重水反應堆的物理參數的測定》等論文。60年代以來，參加組織領導中國發展核武器的工作，以及國防科學技術研究發展計劃、高技術研究發展計劃的制定與實施等工作，為中國核科技事業的發展做出了重大貢獻。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Nuclear physicist. Born in Wuhan, Hubei Province.Graduated from Southwest Associated University in 1945.Received Ph.D. in physics from the University of Michigan, USA in 1950. Professor and chairman, Science and Technology Committee,State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and president, Chinese Association for Sciences and Technology.

In his early years, Zhu was engaged in research on nuclear physics and atomic energy. He has published a number of papers,such as “Coincidence Measurements (Part Ⅰ∶ Beta Spectrum)”,“Coincidence Measurements (Part Ⅱ ∶ Internal Conversion )”and “The Determination of Physical Parameters of Heavy Water Reactor for Research”. Since the 1960s he has participated in the development of China’s nuclear weapons the development of scientific and technological research for national defense and in the drawing and implementation of the High-tech Resecarch and Development Plan in China. He has made important contributions to the development of China’s scientific and technological courses in nuclear field.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

朱洪元

3.活動之間相融合—在活動過程中體現“1+N”的融合。運用繪本教學的“1+N”模式，在教學方案設計過程中要使兩個部分自然融合在一起，很自然地再現讀本的內容，又能對新領域的目標有所達成與落實，如何將兩部分很自然的融合在一起是我們實踐中不斷在探究的問題。

1917.02.08～1992.11.04

理論物理學家。江蘇宜興人。1939年畢業于同濟大學。1948年獲英國曼徹斯特大學哲學博士學位。中國科學院高能物理研究所研究員。40年代全面研究了高速荷電粒子在磁場中運動時所發出的電磁輻射的性質；60年代深入探討了利用色散關系和幺正條件建立低能強作用的理論問題，并對含有光子、電子、中子和原子核的高溫高密度系統內部的輸運過程等作了深入研究，取得多項重要成果。60年代中期與胡寧共同領導一些學者與國際上同時提出并系統研究了層子模型理論，開辟了強子內部結構理論研究的新領域。在推進中國物理學研究事業、北京正負電子對撞機研制等方面作了大量工作。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Theoretical physicist. Born in Yixing, Jiangsu Province.Graduated from Tongji University in 1939. Received Ph.D. from the University of Manchester, UK in 1948. Research professor,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the 1940s, Zhu comprehensively researched the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation which was emitted when high speed electric particle was moving in magnetic field.He deeply investigated the theoretical problem of establishing low energy strong interaction by means of dispersion relation and unitary condition in the 1960s, deeply studied the transportation process in the internal of high temperature and high density system which consisted of photons, electrons, neutrons and nucleuses and made some important achievements. In the mid 1960s, he and Prof.Hu Ning led some scholars to propose and systematically research paralleled with international scholars the theory of straton model and opened a new research field of hadronic internal structure.He did a lot of work to promote Chinese physics research and the design of Beijing Electron Positron Collider.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

莊逢甘

1925.02.11～2010.11.08

空氣動力學家。江蘇常州人。1946年畢業于上海交通大學航空工程系。1950年獲美國加州理工學院科學博士學位。中國航天工業總公司總工程師、科技委員會副主任。在流體力學的湍流基本特征研究中得出了湍流耗散定律。在激波繞射、高超音速再入體熱防護理論等研究和低速、超音速風洞氣動設計方面取得突出成果。長期進行導彈、火箭、再入飛行器的空氣動力學研究，在大型風洞設計與建造、第一批沖壓發動機試車臺的設計與建造、運載工具和彈頭的啟動研究試驗和非定常漩渦空氣動力學研究等方面作出了重要貢獻

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Aerodynamic specialist. Born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1946. Received Sc.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA in 1950.Chief engineer and vice president, Committee of Science and Technology, China Aerospace Corporation.

Zhang obtained the law of turbulence dissipation in the study of turbulence basic feature of fluid mechanics.He made outstanding achievements in the theories of shock diffraction, heat protection of hypersonic re-entry body and the aerodynamic design of low speed to hypersonic wind tunnel. He has long been engaged in the aerodynamic research on missile,rocket and reentry flight. He made important contributions to the design and manufacture of large wind tunnel, the design and construction of ramjet test stand, the aerodynamic experiment of carrier vehicle and warhead, and unsteady vortex-dominated aerodynamics.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

關肇直

1919.02.13～1982.11.12

數學家。原籍廣東南海，生于天津。1941年畢業于燕京大學。1947年至1949年在法國巴黎大學彭加勒研究所研究數學。中國科學院系統科學研究所研究員、首任所長。中國泛函分析和現代控制理論研究的開拓者，創設了中國第一個泛函分析專門化和現代控制理論專門化，在泛函分析、數學物理、現代控制理論及應用等領域取得了出席的研究成果，并培養了一批高級教學和研究人才。首先將最速下降法推廣到無窮維空間。用十分簡潔的方法證明了“激光理論中積分方程非零本征值的存在性”問題。從嶄新的角度給予了當時國際上研究中子遷移理論中本征函數問題的Case方法嚴格的理論。對彈性振動結構阻尼作了研究，從而開創了分布參數系統的一個新領域。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Tianjing. Graduated from Yenching University in 1941. Worked on mathematics in Poincare Institute,University of Paris, France from 1947 to 1949. Research professor and the first director, Institute of Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

As the pioneer of functional analysis and modern control theory in China, Guan established the first specialization of these subjects and made outstanding achievements in functional analysis, control theory and its application and mathematical physics. He educated a large number of high level researchers and pedagogues. He introduced the steepest descent method in the infinite dimensional space. By an elegant method, he proved the existence of nonzero eigenvalue for the integral equation arising in the laser theory. From a new view point, he proposed the strict theory for the Case method used for studying the eigenfunction problem of neutron transport theory at that time. He studied the structural damping model for elastic vibration and initiated a new area of distributed parameter control systems.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.