學生常犯被動語態錯誤20種（上）

被動語態有人稱、數和時態的變化，是高中階段一項重要的英語語法，同學們非掌握不可。本文特將同學們常犯的一些有關被動語態的錯誤進行綜合整理，希望對大家有所幫助。

1. 副詞放錯位置。

【誤】Such a man has been hardly believed.

【正】Such a man has hardly been believed.

【析】often，usually，always，never，hardly，seldom等副詞應置于助動詞的后邊，been，being的前面。

2. 不及物動詞錯用被動語態。

【誤】Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

【正】Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

【析】并不是所有動詞都有被動語態。appear，disappear等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態。又如：To our surprise，the news spread all over the city overnight. 令我們吃驚的是，這個消息一夜間傳遍了全城。

3. 錯將動詞短語分割或漏掉介詞。

【誤】The patients have been taken good care.

【正】The patients have been taken good care of.

【析】短語動詞在變被動語態時不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。又如：Every means should be made full use of to solve the problem.

4. 短暫性動詞與延續性時間連用錯誤。

【誤】How long has this book been bought？

【正】How long ago was this book bought？

【析】一些特殊動詞，如borrow，finish，begin，buy，start， return，marry，open，join等構成的現在完成時的被動語態不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思，則需改換動詞或時態。

5. 誤將雙賓語句中的兩個賓語都作了改變。

例如：I have given him the key.變被動句→

【誤】Him the key has been given by me.

【正】He has been given the key.

【正】The key has been given （to） him.

【析】雙賓語動詞變被動語態可將其中的一個賓語變為主語，另一個保留不動。

6. 改被動語態時犯見賓語就進行改動的錯誤。

例如：I have asked her to help you. 變被動句→

【誤】You are helped by her.

【正】She has been asked to help you.

【析】帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時， 只能將賓語變為主語， 原來的賓補保留不動， 改稱主語補足語。

7. 犯時態錯誤。

【誤】The silence of the library has been broken only by the sound of pages being turned over.

【正】The silence of the library was broken only by the sound of pages being turned over.

【析】被動語態也有各種時態的變化，要根據需要使用不同的時態。又如：If l am given enough time，I will do it better.給我足夠的時間，我會做得更好。該句條件句使用一般現在時，而主句要使用將來時。

8. 犯受漢語影響而沒使用被動語態的錯誤。

【誤】I have introduced to Mr. Smith.

【正】I have been introduced to Mr. Smith（by Mr. Wang）.

【析】當人作主語時，有些同學不習慣使用被動語態。……