單項填空題：題干小變化，答案大不同

黃連英　廖寶翔

在做英語單項填空題時，最重要的是抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，因為它們決定了試題的答案。而若更換了關(guān)鍵詞，句子的意思、邏輯關(guān)系、句式結(jié)構(gòu)、時態(tài)等就會發(fā)生變化，答案自然也就大不相同。本文將對2013年高考英語單項填空題中的一些經(jīng)典題目進(jìn)行更換關(guān)鍵詞改編，希望對師生備考起到拋磚引玉的作用。平時適當(dāng)進(jìn)行類似的訓(xùn)練，可達(dá)到舉一反三、觸類旁通之效果。

一、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

題組一：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.（2013陜西卷）

2. On Monday morning it me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance was only 20 miles.

A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take

答案與解析：A；C。題1根據(jù)從句中的is可知敘述的是經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。題2根據(jù)從句中的was可知敘述的是過去發(fā)生的動作，故用一般過去時。

解題規(guī)律：復(fù)合句中，句子主干謂語的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)從句謂語的時態(tài)判斷。

題組二：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.（2013北京卷）

2. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films in the past.

A. had been made B. was made

C. has been made D. would be made

答案與解析：C；B。題1根據(jù)時間“over the past years”可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選C；題2根據(jù)時間“in the past”則要用一般過去時，故選B。

解題規(guī)律：簡單句中，謂語的時態(tài)根據(jù)時間狀語判斷。

二、句式的轉(zhuǎn)換

題組三：not…until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句與倒裝句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.（2013福建卷）

2. It was not until he went through real hardship that _____the love we have for our families is important.

A. had he realized B. did he realize

C. he realized D. he had realized

答案與解析：B；C。題1中not until…放在句首，后面的句子采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，realize動作發(fā)生在“經(jīng)歷”之后，故用一般過去時。題2考查固定句型not…until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It was not until…that+句子（陳述語序），故選C。

解題規(guī)律：特殊句式中，主干的謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷。

題組四：定語從句和并列句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.（2013安徽卷）

2. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， and made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.

A. it B. that C. what D. which

答案與解析：D；A。句意均為：莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，這使中國人長期的一個夢想實現(xiàn)了。題1是考查定語從句，此處是非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句，故選D；題2是and連接的并列句子，空格處代替前面整個句子，要用it，故選A。

解題規(guī)律：非限制性定語從句和并列句的區(qū)別在于逗號后有沒有并列連詞。

三、邏輯關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換

題組五：順承關(guān)系與轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. Read this story， _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.（2013四川卷）

2. Read this story， _______ you wont realize that not everything can be bought with money.

A. or B. and C. but D. so

答案與解析：B；A。題1句意：讀這個故事，然后你就會明白并不是所有東西都能用錢買到。此處表順承關(guān)系，故用and。題2句意：讀這個故事，否則你就不會明白并不是所有東西都能用錢買到。此處表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用or。

解題規(guī)律：表條件的祈使句型“祈使句 +and/or + 陳述句”中，順承或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系取決于陳述句表達(dá)的是肯定還是否定意思。

題組六：時間狀語從句中連詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.（2013陜西卷）

2. I had heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.

A. since B. until C. before D. when

答案與解析：A；C。題1句意：自從我從國外回來，我就聽說了很多關(guān)于你的好事。since意為“自從……以來”。題2句意：從國外回來之前，我聽說了很多關(guān)于你的好事。before意為“在……之前”。

解題規(guī)律：時間狀語從句中，連詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的意思和主句、從句動作發(fā)生的先后來判斷，而動作發(fā)生的先后順序應(yīng)根據(jù)主句和從句中謂語的時態(tài)來判斷。

題組七：條件狀語與目的狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. I took my driving license with me on holiday， I wanted to hire a car.（2013北京卷）

A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only

2. I took my driving license with me on holiday I could hire a car.

A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. so that

答案與解析：A；D。題1句意：我在度假時隨身帶著駕照，以防自己需要租車。句子前后是條件關(guān)系，故選in case表“以防，萬一”。題2句意：我在度假時隨身帶著駕照，以便我能租到車。so that表目的時往往要加情態(tài)動詞。

解題規(guī)律：in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句與 so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句的區(qū)別在于是否有情態(tài)動詞。

題組八：條件狀語從句中連詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. _______ we have enough evidence， we cant win the case.（2013重慶卷）

A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

2._______ we have enough evidence， we can win the case.

A. Even if B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

答案與解析：C；B。題1句意：除非有足夠的證據(jù)，否則我們不能勝訴。題2句意：只要有足夠的證據(jù)，我們就能勝訴。Once意為“一旦”； as long as意為“只要”；unless意為“除非”；since意為“既然”；even if意為“即使”。

解題規(guī)律：條件狀語從句中，連詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的意思來確定。

四、詞語、短語的轉(zhuǎn)換

題組九：同義搭配的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. The watch was very good， and he 20 percent down for it.（2013新課標(biāo)II卷）

2. The watch was very good， and he 20 percent down on it.

A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent

答案與解析：A；D。這兩句的句意為：這塊手表非常不錯，他以20%的折扣價買下了它。Pay的固定搭配為“pay… for sth.”， spend的固定搭配為“spend… on sth.”。

解題規(guī)律：固定搭配的考查中，介詞是解題的關(guān)鍵。

題組十：不同搭配的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. David is animal fur， so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.（2013安徽卷）

A. curious about B. allergic to

C. satisfied with D. fond of

2. David is animal fur， so he will visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.

A. anxious about B. allergic to

C. satisfied with D. fond of

答案與解析：B；D。題1句意：戴維對動物皮毛過敏，所以他不會拜訪家里有貓或者狗的人。“對……過敏”是導(dǎo)致“不拜訪”的原因，故選B。題2句意：戴維喜歡動物皮毛，所以他樂意拜訪家里有貓或者狗的人。“喜歡”是導(dǎo)致“拜訪”的原因，故選D。

解題規(guī)律：在短語辨析題中，短語的選擇由句子意思決定，要特別留意句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的詞。

題組十一：不定代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. Ive lived in New York and Chicago， but dont like ____ of them very much.（2013山東卷）

A. either B. any C. each D. another

2. Ive lived in New York and Chicago， but like ____ of them very much.

A. either B. any C. each D. neither

答案與解析：A；D。句意均為：我在紐約和芝加哥住過，但我不喜歡它們中的任何一個。either指“兩者中任何一個”，而 neither指“兩者都不”。

解題規(guī)律：不定代詞的考查中，要同時關(guān)注代詞本身是表示“肯定”還是“否定”及句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的詞。

題組十二：狀語從句中關(guān)聯(lián)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

1. I have to give a speech， I get extremely nervous before I start. （2013山東卷）

2. I have to give a speech to， I get extremely nervous before I start.

A. Whatever B. Whenever

C. Whoever D. However

答案與解析：B；C。考查讓步狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。題1從句中句式結(jié)構(gòu)完整，要選一個連接副詞，A和C先排除，根據(jù)句意容易判斷答案為B。題2從句中缺少賓語，要選連接代詞，根據(jù)句意選擇C。

解題規(guī)律：讓步狀語從句中，關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇取決于其在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨皬木湟磉_(dá)的意思。