馬拉拉·尤薩夫扎伊：英雄不在年少

如果沒有一年前那次舉世震驚的槍擊案，現(xiàn)在年僅16歲的她或許還在以自己微薄的力量和有限的影響力在塔利班組織的高壓統(tǒng)治下掙扎，在維護(hù)婦女和兒童受教育權(quán)的道路上艱難前行；她還要每天把書本藏在披巾里，經(jīng)過一堆無頭尸體，前往心愛的學(xué)校上學(xué)。如今，從死亡線上回來的她非但沒有動(dòng)搖信心，變得怯懦，反而更加堅(jiān)信教育的力量，變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。康復(fù)后，她不顧恐嚇，四處奔走，設(shè)立了教育基金會(huì)；她在聯(lián)合國大會(huì)上發(fā)言，呼吁各國政府重視教育；她立志成為政治家，希望能讓更多像她一樣渴求知識(shí)的人們享有受教育權(quán)……她就是巴基斯坦的少女英雄馬拉拉·尤薩夫扎伊（Malala Yousafzai）。

\"Today you can see that I'm alive，\" said Malala Yousafzai in her first interview since surviving a Taliban attack that left her with a bullet lodged1） in her skull last October.

\"This is a second life，\" she continued， \"and I want to serve. I want to serve the people. I want every girl， every child， to be educated.\"

“今天你們看到了，我還活著。”馬拉拉·尤薩夫扎伊在幸存后的首次采訪中如是說。她在去年10月遭到塔利班槍擊，頭部中了一槍，子彈射入了顱骨中。

“這是我的第二次生命，”她繼續(xù)說道，“我想履行職責(zé)，我想為人民服務(wù)。我希望每個(gè)女孩、每個(gè)孩子都能接受教育。”

Attacked for Speaking Out About Girls' Rights

Malala grew up in Pakistan's Swat Valley， a picturesque2） region that is also home to a branch of the Taliban， a militant group that is trying to enforce their own vision of religious law.

The Taliban does not believe that girls should go to school or even leave their homes without covering themselves from head to foot and walking with a male relative.

Malala began speaking out against such restrictions when she was 11 years old and the BBC， a British news organization， asked her to blog about her life. She wrote about her struggle to simply go to school， and even though the blog was published under a pseudonym3） to protect her identity， she gradually became a public figure.

She challenged the Taliban in speeches， asking \"how dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education？\" She also criticized the Pakistani president， saying that if his daughter lived in Malala's town he would have made sure the girls' schools remained open.

Malala was coming home from school on October 9， 2012， when an armed Taliban gunman stopped her bus and shot her in the head and neck， and wounded two other schoolgirls.

A Taliban spokesperson said they tried to kill Malala because they view her as a \"symbol of Western culture\" and \"against Islam\".

因公開提倡女性受教育權(quán)遭槍擊

馬拉拉在巴基斯坦風(fēng)景如畫的斯瓦特山谷長大。這里同時(shí)也是塔利班組織一個(gè)分支的大本營，塔利班軍事組織一直試圖把自己那一套教規(guī)強(qiáng)加給民眾。

塔利班組織認(rèn)為，女孩不應(yīng)該上學(xué)，如果沒有將自己從頭到腳裹得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)并有一位男性親戚陪同，她們甚至不應(yīng)該出門。

馬拉拉在11歲時(shí)開始公開反對(duì)這些限制。當(dāng)時(shí)，英國一家新聞機(jī)構(gòu)——英國廣播公司（BBC）——請(qǐng)她撰寫博文記錄自己的生活。在博文中，她描述了自己僅僅只為了上學(xué)而做的各種斗爭。盡管為了保護(hù)自己的身份，博文在發(fā)表時(shí)用了筆名，但她還是逐漸成了一個(gè)公眾人物。

馬拉拉在多次演講中挑戰(zhàn)塔利班，質(zhì)問“塔利班怎么敢剝奪我受教育的基本權(quán)利？”馬拉拉還指責(zé)巴基斯坦總統(tǒng)，說如果總統(tǒng)的女兒住在她的小鎮(zhèn)上，他一定會(huì)確保女子學(xué)校繼續(xù)開辦。

2012年10月9日，馬拉拉在放學(xué)回家時(shí)，一個(gè)持槍的塔利班武裝分子攔下她所坐的校車，朝她的頭部和頸部各開了一槍，并開槍打傷了另外兩個(gè)女孩。

塔利班發(fā)言人聲稱他們?cè)噲D謀殺馬拉拉是因?yàn)樗麄儼阉醋鍪恰拔鞣轿幕拇怼保宜胺磳?duì)伊斯蘭教”。

Surviving to Continue the Fight

When Malala was shot， no one knew whether she would live. She was taken to a hospital in Peshawar， a major city in Pakistan. Once her condition was stable she was moved to a second hospital and finally to Britain， where a titanium4） plate was attached to her skull and a hearing implant5） in her ear.

The Taliban said that if Malala survived they would try to kill her again. They also threatened her father， who ran the school where girls were allowed to study.

To protect the family， the Pakistani government appointed Malala's father to an education post at the Pakistani consulate6） in the United Kingdom， so they could start a new life in the European country.

In her video recorded in hospital， Malala thanked people around the world who prayed for recovery and announced she is starting an educational organization called the Malala Fund to continue her work.

幸存后繼續(xù)斗爭

馬拉拉被槍擊后，沒人知道她能否活下來。她先是被送往巴基斯坦的一個(gè)主要城市白沙瓦的一家醫(yī)院，病情一穩(wěn)定就被轉(zhuǎn)到了另一家醫(yī)院，最終被送往英國。在英國，醫(yī)生用鈦板為她補(bǔ)造了顱骨，并在她耳中植入了助聽器。

塔利班曾揚(yáng)言，如果馬拉拉這次逃過一劫，他們會(huì)再想辦法殺了她。他們還威脅馬拉拉的父親，因?yàn)樗_辦的學(xué)校允許女孩讀書。

為了保護(hù)馬拉拉一家，巴基斯坦政府任命馬拉拉的父親在巴基斯坦駐英國領(lǐng)事館擔(dān)任一個(gè)教育職位，這樣一來，他們一家人就能在英國這個(gè)歐洲國家開始新的生活。

在醫(yī)院錄制的視頻中，馬拉拉向世界各地祈禱她恢復(fù)健康的人們表達(dá)了謝意，并宣布她正在著手成立一個(gè)教育組織—馬拉拉基金，以繼續(xù)她的斗爭。

Fighting for Girls' Right to Education

Malala has a lot of work still to do in Pakistan， where the Taliban continues to threaten girls who want to go to school. Pakistani girls average six years of school compared with more than eight for boys.

Almost 70 percent of men in the country can read and write， but only 40 percent of women. Female enrollment in schools was only 60 percent in 2010—meaning that more than one in every three girls does not go to school.

This is not just a problem in Pakistan. In parts of Africa， the average girl from a low-income， rural household gets less than two years of schooling and never learns to read and write， to add and subtract， as opposed to the average boy who fully completes primary education， according to a United Nations report.

Malala said she plans to become a politician in order to help change Pakistan's education system so younger girls can go to school in freedom.

為爭取女性受教育權(quán)而戰(zhàn)

在巴基斯坦，塔利班繼續(xù)威脅那些想去上學(xué)的女孩，馬拉拉還有很多事情要做。巴基斯坦的女孩平均受教育時(shí)間只有六年，而與之相比，男孩的則達(dá)到了八年以上。

在巴基斯坦，幾乎有70%的男性可以讀寫，而女性只有40%。2010年登記入學(xué)的女性只有60%，這就意味著每三個(gè)女孩中至少有一個(gè)不上學(xué)。

這個(gè)問題不僅存在于巴基斯坦。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一份報(bào)告，在非洲的一些地區(qū)，出身于農(nóng)村低收入家庭的普通女孩接受教育的時(shí)間不到兩年，根本沒有學(xué)過讀寫和加減法。與此相反，普通的男孩則可以完成初等教育。

馬拉拉說她想成為政治家，這樣她就可以推動(dòng)巴基斯坦的教育體制改革，使女孩們可以自由地上學(xué)。

1.lodge [l?d?] vt. 把……射入（或投入、擊中）

2.picturesque [?p?kt???resk] adj. 如畫的，自然美的

3.pseudonym [?su?d?n?m] n. 假名；筆名

4.titanium [t??te?ni?m] n.【化】鈦

5.implant [?m?plɑ?nt] n. 【醫(yī)】植入物

6.consulate [?k?nsj?l?t] n. 領(lǐng)事館