本色曼德拉

From+pbs.org

Story

軼事1

Storyteller： Richard Stengel， collaborated with Mandela on his autobiography， spending most of 1993 with him

講述者：理查德·施滕格爾。理查德（編注：現(xiàn)為美國《時(shí)代》雜志的主編）與曼德拉合作撰寫了后者的自傳，1993年的大部分時(shí)間都和曼德拉在一起。

We were once on a prop1） plane ... And as soon as he gets on an airplane he picks up a newspaper. He adores newspapers ... And we're about， I don't know， halfway there ... I was sitting right across from him， and he pointed out the window ... and I saw， to my great horror， that the propeller2） had stopped going around. And he said very， very calmly， ''Richard， you might want to inform the pilot that the propeller isn't working.'' I said， ''Yes， Madiba3）.'' I walked to the front of the plane， and the pilot was well aware of it and he said， ''Go back and sit down. We've called the airport.''

I went back and I told Madiba that， and he just， in that very solemn way， listened， and said， ''Yes.'' And then picked up his newspaper and started reading. I was terrified， and the way I calmed myself was I looked at him. And he was as calm as could be.

The plane landed. No problem. He never changed his expression or anything like that. And as we got into the airport and we sort of had a moment alone， he turned to me and he said， ''Man， I was scared up there.'' It was such a revelation because that's what courage is. Courage is not， not being scared. Courage is being terrified and not showing it. I was given courage by looking at him， because he was pretending not to be scared， and that's what he did for his whole life. The more you pretend that you're not scared， the more not scared you become， the more you inhabit that role， and that's what happened in Robben Island.

有一次，我們搭乘一架螺旋槳飛機(jī)……他一上飛機(jī)，就立刻拿起一份報(bào)紙。他很喜歡看報(bào)紙……我們大概（我不太清楚）飛了一半的時(shí)候……我當(dāng)時(shí)就坐在他對面，他指了指舷窗外……然后，我看到飛機(jī)的螺旋槳不轉(zhuǎn)了，給嚇壞了。而曼德拉只是非常非常平靜地說：“理查德，你可能要去告訴機(jī)長螺旋槳不轉(zhuǎn)了。”我說：“好的，馬迪巴?！蔽易叩斤w機(jī)前面，機(jī)長已經(jīng)知悉了飛機(jī)的狀況，他對我說：“請回去坐好，我們已經(jīng)呼叫機(jī)場了?！?/p>

我回到座位，把情況告訴了馬迪巴。他只是表情非常嚴(yán)肅地聽著，然后說了聲“好的”，就又拿起報(bào)紙讀了起來。我當(dāng)時(shí)很害怕，為了讓自己鎮(zhèn)定下來，我就看著他。他看上去極為平靜。

飛機(jī)降落了，沒有發(fā)生意外。他在這過程中一直神色如常。我們步入機(jī)場后，我倆獨(dú)處了那么一小會(huì)兒工夫。這時(shí)他轉(zhuǎn)頭對我說：“呀，剛才在飛機(jī)上我嚇壞了。”這句話讓我頓時(shí)領(lǐng)悟了什么是勇氣。勇氣不是不會(huì)感到恐懼，而是感到恐懼卻不表現(xiàn)出來。我在看著他時(shí)自己也有了勇氣，因?yàn)樗b出一副毫不畏懼的樣子，他這一生都是這樣做的。你越是裝作無所畏懼，就越會(huì)感到無所畏懼，越會(huì)融入那個(gè)角色，而這一切就曾在羅本島（編注：曼德拉被囚禁18年的地方）發(fā)生。

Story

軼事2

Storyteller： Wolfie Kodesh， who hid Mandela for nearly eight weeks in his bachelor apartment in a white suburb of Johannesburg

講述者：沃爾菲·科迪什。沃爾菲（編注：南非非洲人國民大會(huì)成員）在位于約翰內(nèi)斯堡近郊白人住宅區(qū)的單身公寓里秘密收留了曼德拉將近八個(gè)星期。

I brought him into the flat. Then we had a discussion and an argument about who is going to sleep where. I had a bed and I had a camp stretcher4） in a cupboard. So when I brought out the camp stretcher， I said to him， "Well， I'll sleep on the camp stretcher. You sleep on the bed because you are six foot something， I am five foot something." No， he wasn't going to have that. We had a bit of a talk about that and ... it was arranged， and I would sleep on the bed.

We had tea and all the rest of it， and then time came to sleep. So he said， "You don't mind， but I'm going to run around." He told me that he woke up very early in the morning， about 4：00 in the townships， and that he always went for these long runs. So I said， "No man， here you're in a white area. You can't get up at 4：00 or 5：00 running around. They patrol ..." He said， "I am going to run. You'll see. Don't worry. Let's go to sleep."

About 5：00 in the morning， I heard these camp stretchers squeak5） ... I looked and I saw him sitting on the end of the stretcher， putting on long johns6）， and then the suits ... and I said to him， "Well， what's going on here？" He said， "I am going to start running." I said， ''Well， I am not going to give you the key to go out.'' Then he got up， and he started running on the spot.

So that was his running. I thought， ''Oh well， if you want to run on the spot， good luck to you. I am going to sleep.'' About a half an hour afterwards I woke up again， and he's still running on the spot ... and it went on for about an hour， and each time I just turned over and went to sleep again. At the end of it all， I noticed he did a few frog jumps across the flat ... that took at least an hour.

我把曼德拉帶進(jìn)了公寓。然后我們就誰該睡哪兒的問題爭論起來。我有一張床，還有一張露營用的折疊床放在櫥柜里。因此我一邊把折疊床從柜子里拿出來，一邊對他說：“這樣，我睡折疊床，你睡床，因?yàn)槟悴畈欢嘤辛⒊吒?，而我大概也就五英尺高?！笨墒撬豢辖邮?。我們?yōu)榇藸幜藥拙?，然后……定了下來，我睡床?/p>

我們喝過茶，又做了點(diǎn)別的事，然后就到了睡覺時(shí)間。這時(shí)他說：“你別介意，不過我打算明天在附近跑步?！彼f他早上起得很早，在黑人居住區(qū)的時(shí)候，差不多4點(diǎn)鐘就起床了，還說他起床后都會(huì)出去跑很長時(shí)間。于是我說：“那可不行，你現(xiàn)在在白人的地盤上。你不能四五點(diǎn)鐘起來到處跑。他們會(huì)巡邏的……”他說：“我要跑，你等著看吧。別擔(dān)心，咱們先睡吧?！?/p>

早上5點(diǎn)鐘左右，我聽見折疊床嘎吱作響……我看了一眼，只見他坐在折疊床的一頭，正在穿長襯褲，之后又穿上外衣……我問他：“嘿，你在干什么？”他回答說：“我要開始跑步了?！蔽艺f：“好啊，不過我不會(huì)把鑰匙給你，讓你出去的。”接著他站起身，開始在原地跑了起來。

他就那樣跑上了。我心想：“好吧，如果你愿意在原地跑，那就隨便你。我可要接著睡了?！贝蠹s過了半個(gè)小時(shí)，我又醒了一次，他還在原地跑著……他就這樣跑了大概一個(gè)小時(shí)，而我每次醒來，都只會(huì)翻個(gè)身繼續(xù)睡。等他跑完后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他又在公寓里練習(xí)蛙跳……至少又練了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

Story

軼事3

Storyteller： Christo Brand， who became Mandela's warder7） at Pollsmoor Prison

講述者：克里斯托·布蘭德。他是曼德拉在波爾斯摩爾監(jiān)獄服刑時(shí)的看守。

There were rumors that Mandela smuggled8） letters out and I asked Mandela about it. ''Did you smuggle a letter out？'' He said， ''Mr. Brand， you know if I'm alone in a cell and there's an ant walking there， there is still life around me. It means there's many ways to send a letter out.''

There was one occasion when after hours I opened his cell to give him a message that Mr. Kobie Coetsee wanted to see him. While I was standing there ... a long rope with something heavy on the bottom in a bag was thrown through the window from the top story ... into his cell.

So he caught it， he gave it to me， he said， ''Mr. Brand， it must be for you.'' When I opened it， it was actually for him. Inside was a letter. The criminal prisoners were asking for some tobacco or any foodstuff which he could give them ... then he could put it in a bag ... and he could add his letters， they would take it out because ... the criminals go to court every day and it was way for them to take a letter out.

I showed him the letter and he said， ''Mr. Brand， you must report this business.'' And so I reported it to the head of the prison and then two days or three days after that he was moved to hospital. Immediately， the prison department got some louvres9）. They put louvres on the whole top part of the section ...

有傳言說曼德拉把信件偷偷送出監(jiān)獄，我問過他此事：“你有沒有把信偷偷送出監(jiān)獄？”他回答說：“布蘭德先生，你要知道，如果我一個(gè)人待在牢房里，而那兒有一只螞蟻爬來爬去，那我身邊就還存在有生命的東西。這就意味著會(huì)有很多方法可以把信送出去?！?/p>

有一次下班后，我打開他的囚室通知他，科比·庫切先生（編注：時(shí)任南非司法部部長）想見他。就在我站在他囚室里的當(dāng)口兒，一條長繩末端系著一個(gè)裝有重物的袋子，從頂樓甩下來，穿窗而入，悠進(jìn)了他的囚室。

于是他抓住袋子，把它遞給我，說：“布蘭德先生，這肯定是給你的?！蔽掖蜷_袋子，發(fā)現(xiàn)那其實(shí)是給他的。袋子里有一封信。那些犯人管他要點(diǎn)兒煙葉或者隨便什么能吃的東西——這些是他能提供給他們的……然后，他可以把東西裝在袋子里，還可以把自己寫的信也放在里面，他們會(huì)幫他送出去。因?yàn)椋@些犯人每天都要去法院，可以借機(jī)把信送出監(jiān)獄。

我把信拿給他看，他說：“布蘭德先生，你一定要把此事上報(bào)。”于是，我向監(jiān)獄長報(bào)告了此事。緊接著兩三天后，他被轉(zhuǎn)到了醫(yī)院。獄方立即找來一些百葉窗板，給他所在片區(qū)的頂層都裝上了百葉窗……

Story

軼事4

Storyteller： Jessie Duarte， who had been Mandela's personal assistant for nearly four years after Mandela's release from prison in 1990

講述者：杰茜·杜阿爾特。1990年曼德拉出獄，此后將近四年里杰茜·杜阿爾特一直擔(dān)任曼德拉的私人助理。

He always made his own bed， no matter where we traveled. I remember we were in Shanghai， in a very fancy hotel， and the Chinese hospitality requires that the person who cleans your room and provides you with your food， does exactly that. If you do it for yourself， it could even be regarded as an insult.

So in Shanghai I tried to say to him， ''Please don't make your own bed， because there's this custom here.'' And he said， ''Call them； bring them to me.''

So I did. I asked the hotel manager to bring the ladies who would be cleaning the room， so that he could explain why he himself has to make his own bed， and that they not feel insulted. He didn't ever want to hurt people's feelings. He never really cared about what great big people think of him， but he did care about what small people thought of him. That used to amaze me. He didn't mind if he insulted a very important person， or said something to them that was unkind， because he said they could fend10） and fight for themselves. But he would never insult someone who did not have power.

無論我們?nèi)ツ膬?，他總是自己整理床鋪。我記得那是在上海，我們住在一家非常豪華的酒店里，中國人服務(wù)很熱情，要求打掃房間和送餐的人員同時(shí)也要負(fù)責(zé)收拾客人的床鋪。如果你自己動(dòng)手，可能反倒會(huì)被認(rèn)為是對服務(wù)人員的一種侮辱。

因此，我在上海期間曾試著勸他：“請您別自己鋪床了，因?yàn)檫@是他們這兒的習(xí)俗?！彼卮鹫f：“給他們打電話，帶他們過來見我。”

我照辦了。我請酒店經(jīng)理把要給我們打掃房間的那些女服務(wù)員找來，這樣曼德拉就可以說明為什么他一定要自己整理床鋪，從而不會(huì)令她們覺得自尊受到傷害。他從來不愿意傷害別人的感情。他從未真正在意那些大人物怎么看他，但他卻很在意普通人對他的看法。這一點(diǎn)曾讓我驚嘆不已。他不在乎是否侮辱了某位要人，或者對他們說了一些不友好的話，因?yàn)樗f那些大人物有能力保護(hù)自己并維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利。但是，他絕不會(huì)去侮辱那些無權(quán)無勢的人。

1. prop [pr?p] n. <口>螺旋槳；推進(jìn)器

2. propeller [pr??pel?（r）] n. （輪船、飛機(jī)等上的）螺旋槳

3. Madiba： 馬迪巴，是曼德拉的族名，也是對他的尊稱。

4. stretcher [?stret??（r）] n. （有輪子的）擔(dān)架床；折疊床，行軍床

5. squeak [skwi?k] vi. 嘎吱作響

6. long johns： <口>長內(nèi)褲，長襯褲（一般長至踝部）

7. warder [?w??d?（r）] n. <主英>監(jiān)獄看守人，獄吏

8. smuggle [?sm?ɡl] vt. 偷帶

9. louvre [?lu?v?（r）] n. 百葉窗板；固定百葉窗

10. fend [fend] vi. 加以抵御；作好防備

譯 / 宋怡秋