和平文化：通過壁畫藝術治愈心靈創傷

Article composed from various writings by Joanne and Fouad Tawfilis， Co-Founders of The Art Miles Mural Project

該文依據\"藝術萬里\"壁畫項目共同創辦人喬安娜·

塔菲尼斯和福阿德·塔菲尼斯的多篇作品撰寫

Joanne Tawfilis is also a National Commissioner of the US National Commission for UNESCO， based in San Diego， California

喬安娜·塔菲尼斯還是聯合國教科文組織美國國家委員會的國家總干事，該委員會總部位于加利福尼亞州的圣地亞哥市。

Translated by Niu Shuangmei

Throughout the world great human suffering is often caused by conflict， wars and violence or from medical or mental illnesses that result in prolonged sickness and death; or from a deep depression that stemmed from trauma in one’s personal life. Around the globe millions of malnourished hungry people find their lives drastically changed as displaced and homeless resulting from natural disasters and our deteriorating environment. One only has to look back on the earthquakes， tsunamis， floods and wild weather patterns to see how Mother Nature has unleashed her wrath on various parts of the world. Most often we find it is women and children who are the worst victims suffering from intense misery. Based on such human suffering， it seems the culture of peace could hardly exist.

It has been said that everything that is needed to build the culture of peace already exists in each one of us and in the United Nations Declaration is states that culture of peace is a set of values， attitudes， modes of behavior and ways of life based on respect for life， ending of violence and promotion and practice of non-violence through education， dialogue and cooperation among individuals， groups and nations.

人類種種苦難的根源通常來自于沖突、戰爭、暴力，或是使人不健康甚至死亡的醫學或心理疾病，也或是來自于由個人生活的創傷所導致的重度抑郁。以致世界上數以百萬計的人在自然災害頻發和環境不斷惡化的脅迫下，生活一落千丈，甚至營養不良，忍饑挨餓陷入流離失所，無家可歸的境遇。從地震、海嘯、洪水和極端天氣的不斷頻發中，我們不難看出，大自然母親的憤怒之火已經燃燒到了世界的每一個角落。而婦女兒童通常在這場浩劫中受害最深。在上述種種苦難面前，和平文化似乎已無跡可尋。

有人說過，構成和平文化的所有因素存在于我們每一個人身上。《聯合國宣言》稱和平文化是在尊重生命、消除暴力以及通過教育和個人、集體、國家對話與合作的基礎之上，所形成的一套價值觀、行為規范、態度以及生活方式。

The UN General Assembly’s resolution 52/15 of 1997， by which it proclaimed the year 2000 as the“International Year for the Culture of Peace”， and its resolution 53/25 of 1998， proclaiming the period 2001–2010 as the “International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World” were followed very appropriately and logically by the UN Declaration and Programme of Action on Culture of Peace (resolution 53/243) adopted by consensus in 1999.

This visionary Programme and its eight areas of action has become a driving force that attracted a global art project that recognized the power of art to educate and motivate people to generate peace within and without. Based on the role of civil society， the Art Miles Mural Project which began in 1997， joined nearly a thousand other Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in their efforts to carry out an action plan to support the Culture of Peace Decade. Unfortunately as the Decade commenced， the globe was consumed by a horrific escalation of war and conflict. Coupled with rising numbers of horrific environmental disasters， the world found itself amid massive scales of displacement with people thrust into refugee status that still exist to this day.

However， as with other NGOs and humanitarian aid organizations， there were people and groups that sought ways to facilitate peace building， mending hearts and initiating healing methods in support of the culture of peace. The Art Miles Mural Project was one of those groups which has now sustained and maintains the belief that “An Act of Peace Creates Peace”.

聯大1998年第52/15條決議宣布2001-2010年為“國際和平文化十年”，第53/25條決議宣布2001-2010這十年還是“為世界兒童建設和平文化與非暴力文化國際十年”，又隨即在1999年適時順勢通過了《和平文化宣言和行動綱領》(第53/243號決議)。

為促進和平，一些國家藝術項目認為藝術的力量可以教育及激勵人們，而該富有遠見的綱領及其八大行動領域則成為吸引這些藝術項目的源動力。“藝術萬里”壁畫項目始于1997年，它依靠民間團體的力量，聯合近千個非政府組織，實踐“和平文化十年”的行動綱領。而“和平文化十年”的開端卻并不幸運，戰爭和沖突不斷升級，妄圖吞噬我們的地球，觸目驚心的環境災害日益增多，無數的人流離失所，淪為難民，這種狀況一直持續到今天。

盡管如此，仍然有很多人和團體，包括非政府機構、人道主義援助機構，在努力尋找途徑促進和平構建，修復心靈，治愈創傷，以此來表達對和平文化的支持。“藝術萬里”壁畫項目就是其中之一，該項目一直堅信并實踐著“和平行為創造和平”這一信念。

The project began with children painting a mural on a bullet riddled bed sheet in post conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina when former UN official Joanne Tawfilis was assigned to lead an economic development and reconciliation project with the Widows of Srebrenica. Despite the overwhelming work involved with managing the project and with an art background， she found herself seeking a means to tend to the pain in her own heart caused by the unending stories of genocide and as witness to the results of unimaginable brutality. It was there amidst the wounds of war felt by the widows， families， and orphans as well as her own impassioned heart that birthed the process became both her and husband Fouad’s lifelong work which still continues. It was clear to them how this process of creating murals could be applied under almost any circumstances in support of the eight priority areas of the UN Programme of Action. Together with a hundred per cent all volunteer team on every continent， they have successfully facilitated the creation of more than 4，000 murals with over more than a half million people in over 100 plus countries.

Quantification and validation of how the process works and what specific impacts can be described as “A Visual Documentation of Modern History”. Through these magnificent canvas murals， children and adults alike have expressed their thoughts and feelings about individual and global social issues contained in the eight action areas of the UN Programme. These domains address fostering the culture of peace through education， sustainable economic and social development， respect for human rights and equality between women and men. The action areas also include fostering democratic participation， advancing understanding， tolerance and solidarity， communication and free flow of information and knowledge and the promotion of international peace and security.

聯合國前官員喬安娜·塔菲尼斯被派住波黑時，與“斯雷布雷尼察孀婦組織”一起主持一個經濟重建項目。其中，有一個活動是讓兒童在一個布滿子彈的床單上畫壁畫，這就是“藝術萬里”壁畫項目的開端。喬安娜深知管理這個項目工作量巨大，但是在聆聽了無數有關種族滅絕的人間慘劇及親身目睹了這場劫難的殘酷景象之后，有藝術背景的她發現自己應該尋找一種方法來治愈她內心中由此帶來的傷痛。于是在這個千瘡百孔的地方，這個讓無數孀婦、家庭、孤兒陷入悲慘境地，讓她自己充滿憐憫的心靈受到巨大觸動的地方，有了她和丈夫福阿德奮斗終生的事業，并一直持續到今天。他們十分清楚，壁畫創作可以適應各種條件，能夠幫助實現聯合國行動計劃的八大重點領域的目標。在一個全部由志愿者組成的團隊的幫助下，他們成功地完成了由來自100多個國家50多萬人參與創作的4000多幅壁畫。

這一過程是如此宏大而震撼人心，可以被稱之為“現代歷史的視覺紀實”。無論是成年人還是兒童，都能夠通過這些壯麗的壁畫作品表達他們對聯合國行動計劃的八個領域所涵蓋的社會問題的看法和感受。這些行動領域強調通過教育、可持續經濟和社會發展，尊重人權及男女平等來傳播和平文化。同時包括有促進民主參與，增進理解、寬容和團結、溝通和信息以及知識的無障礙流通，促進國際和平與安全的含義。

Mural painting—this hands-on experiential learning process has been done in a diversity of locations， including schools， clubs， museums， palaces， parks， stadiums， public buildings and church and temple halls and on kitchen floors， outdoors and World Heritage sites. The massive inventory of murals depicts what should have been a global effort to reflect the objectives of the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non Violence Among Children of the World， but instead became the Decade of increased conflict， violence and wars. But painting these large five by twelve foot murals on canvas had a beneficial impact on people everywhere. Murals were created under the duress of war in venues such as refugee camps in Africa and the Middle East and Latin America， in war zones and in deserted buildings that were strafed and shattered by bombs and machine guns. Murals sprung up in hospitals with children suffering from cancer and other life-threateningdiseases， and by local and national communities who wanted to express their own compassion and messages of comfort and healing to their fellow humans around the globe.

Art Miles bore witness to the expressive views of people of all ages and all countries and worked to share those views with the broader world community to promote understanding and action. The project focused on social change through the power of art and peace building—to process， conceptualize and form consensus， and building a foundation of understanding and awareness of the rich diversity of cultures through their vision to create a “Pyramid of Peace with Murals or “Muramid” and the Exhibition of the Century”.

The Tawfilis’s goal was to bring 5，280 five by twelve foot acrylic painted murals (12 miles) utilizing multi-media technology and projection to Egypt near the site of the Great Pyramids of Giza in the shape of a giant Muramid. The so-called “Arab Spring” that embraced Egypt has not ended this vision， but merely delayed it. The vision to see the Muramid become a beacon of peace remains.

壁畫創作是一項親身實踐的學習體驗，能在不同地點開展，包括學校、俱樂部、博物館、宮殿、公園、體育場館、公共建筑、教堂和寺廟大堂甚至廚房地板、戶外和世界文化遺產所在地。海量的壁畫作品描繪了人類應該努力的方向——實現“為世界兒童建設和平文化與非暴力文化國際十年”的目標，而不是一個沖突、暴力和戰爭不斷升級的十年。在畫布上創作這些大幅的5*12英尺的壁畫作品對所有人都大有裨益。有些壁畫是在戰爭威脅的環境中創作的，還有些壁畫是在非洲、中東和拉美的戰后難民營中或是在被炸彈和機槍轟炸和摧毀的被遺棄的建筑之中創作的。另外有些壁畫則選擇在兒童遭受癌癥和其他的威脅生命或疾病痛苦的醫院中創作。作者是當地的其他地方的民眾，他們希望能夠表達他們的悲憫之心，向世界的同胞傳遞他們的慰問和關切。

“藝術萬里”壁畫項目見證了世界各年齡層人群飽含熱情的觀點，并致力于將這些觀點傳播到世界更廣闊的地方，從而促進理解和行動。這個項目強調通過藝術的力量及構建和平來進行社會變革—開始、孕育并形成共識，通過創造“壁畫砌成的和平金字塔”即“壁畫金字塔”以及“世紀展覽”來構建對豐富多彩的不同文化的理解和認同的根基。

塔菲尼斯的想法是將5280幅5*12英尺的丙烯壁畫（12英里）帶到埃及吉薩巨型金字塔，采用多媒體技術和投影將其做成一個巨型壁畫金字塔。波及埃及的所謂“阿拉伯之春”暴力運動并沒有終結這一目標，只不過是推遲了進程。壁畫金字塔成為實現和平燈塔的愿望并沒有破滅。

The Art Miles Mural Project promotes understanding and education among people and then becomes the vehicle for amplifying and inspiring individuals and communities to take action promoting the culture of peace.

In Pakistan， Art Miles Coordinator Fauzia Minallah， the first of many Art Miles “artivists” and founder of the Funkor Art Center where children from Pakistan and Afghanistan came together to create art， and in 2001 created a glorious mural exemplifying how children view the world together regardless of religious belief or geographic location. The focus on girls “right to read” depicted how education should be an equal right of both boys and girls. Although they were poverty stricken and displaced， they came together to express their wishes for education and the culture of peace. A video is available on line at (link to videos and films “Pakistan-Afghanistan”). This mural was used as a backdrop for the Concert of Hope in New York City during the first anniversary of the September 11 disaster.

“藝術萬里”壁畫項目增進了不同民族間的理解，促進了教育，成為用以賦權和激勵個體和社區采取行動來促進和平文化的工具。

“藝術萬里”壁畫項目巴基斯坦協調員，眾多“藝術萬里”壁畫項目“藝術活躍分子”中的最優秀一位及匯聚巴基斯坦和阿富汗兒童共同進行藝術創作的福柯藝術中心的創辦人福齊亞·米娜拉哈，在2001年創作了一副恢弘大氣的壁畫作品以展現兒童對世界的看法，而這種看法并不受宗教信仰或地理界限的束縛。它重點強調女童的“讀書權”，闡述教育應體現男女平等。盡管這些兒童出身貧苦，甚至無家可歸，但是他們仍能相聚到一起，表達他們對教育和和平文化的渴望。相關視頻可在網上觀看（“巴基斯坦-阿富汗”視頻和電影的鏈接）。該壁畫曾在“9·11”一周年紀念日之際，被用于在紐約舉行的“9·11”希望音樂會的背板。

Art Miles has comforted families who have lost their homes due to both human and natural disasters and elderly or displaced persons who have lost their livelihoods. Each has been healed in some small measure through art and the acts of friendship and compassion that ensue.

The Art Miles Mural Project success proliferated in content and numbers by fostering the culture of peace through education with a model developed by Japan Art Miles coordinators， Atsuko and Yasu Shiwaku as the International Intercultural Mural Exchange (IIME). Formalized curriculum guides students in a process where a single mural is created by two schools in two different countries and collaboration initiated through the use of the internet. This innovative teaching method has resulted in the creation of nearly 300 IIME murals resulting in deepening cultural understanding and respect as well as building friendships.

“藝術萬里”壁畫項目慰藉了那些由于天災人禍而失去家園的家庭和那些失去生活保障的老人和無家可歸的人們。他們每一個人都能通過藝術，以及其帶來的友善同情之舉而得到某種程度的治愈。

“藝術萬里”壁畫項目的成功，范圍的擴大，和活動次數的增加，要歸功于一個和平文化的教育模式—國際文化間壁畫交流，這一模式的創建者是該項目的藝術萬里日本協調員敦子（Atsuko）和鹽飽（Yasu Shiwaku）。這個模式通過一套正規的課程體系指導學生的創作，其中每一副壁畫都是來自由兩個國家的兩所學校通過因特網共同合作完成。

With regard to respect for all human rights， no message is clearer than what comes from the victimized women and children in refugee camps who paint their situations with passion and the thirst for the basic human needs， most importantly shelter， food， clothing and education.

There are twelve themes of the murals with 440 murals per mile and one of them is the Women’s Mural Mile that embodies the quest for equality between women and men and like the Pakistani Murals， starting with the right to education for girls and boys to a women’s positive role in peace building and negotiations.

Democratic participation for all can be seen in the murals painted by children and adults through the creation of murals normally seen in the “My Hero” Mural Mile with images of local and national heroes as well as Nobel Laureate Dr. Wangari Maathai， and well known personalities like Dr. Jane Goodall remarkable and memorable in content and technique.

提到尊重人權，沒有什么聲音比那些難民營的婦女和兒童的傾訴更加真切了，他們在畫布上飽含熱淚地描述他們的處境，吶喊著對基本人權，尤其是對吃飽穿暖和教育的極度渴求。

440幅壁畫以英里為單位共有12個主題，其中之一就是“女性萬里壁畫”，體現了對男女平等的追求，跟巴基斯坦的壁畫一樣，它包括從兒童上學權利到女性在和平構建和協商中的積極地位的內容。

在項目中“我的偶像”部分，成人和兒童描繪了地方和國際英雄，如諾貝爾獎獲得者旺加里·馬塔伊，以及名人珍·古道爾博士等。這些作品主題深刻，技藝上也十分精湛，體現了全員民主參與性。

Advancing understanding， tolerance and solidarity is often shown in hundreds of murals illustrating multiculturalism by holding hands and includes passionate and delightful messages of hope touching the hearts of all. Images predominantly express the commonalities versus the differences in cultures as a common theme among the murals.

Many of the murals are expressions that show the desire and willingness for participatory communication and the free flow of information and knowledge. Testimony to this has been the increased number of video productions by the painters themselves that are accompanied by original music compositions and often poetry. One school studied a mural created by Iraqi refugees and composed a beautiful classical music piece inspired by the mural. Certainly this extension of creativity is yet another example of how the arts have a positive impact on a culture of peace. The processes affecting many people involved whether they be teachers， students， parents， and extended families in communities throughout the globe is both phenomenal and tangible.

成百上千幅的壁畫作品體現了增進理解、寬容和團結的主題，這些作品通過攜手勾勒多元文化，包含深情和幸福的各種訊息，打動了所有人的心靈。壁畫的一個經常表現的題材是不同文化間的共同點，而非差別。

很多的壁畫都表達了對參與性溝通、信息和知識的無障礙流通的渴望和意愿。這些藝術家的影像作品增多，而且原創音樂作品也隨之增加，甚至也創作更多詩歌作品，這都印證了上述的渴望和意愿。有一所學校在學習了由伊拉克難民創作的一幅壁畫之后，受此啟發，編寫了一篇動聽的古典音樂篇章。當然這種創造力的延續也說明藝術對和平文化具有積極作用。而這個進程影響了無數與此有關的人，無論老師、學生、父母，還是延伸到世界各地的親友。全球社區是一家，既非同凡響，又切實存在。

Most importantly of the eight action areas， is promoting international peace and security. What better way to support this domain than through a medium that is free of restrictions and full of encouragement to render whatever is contained within the hearts of people who do not wish to live in fear and terror， deprived of their basic human rights.

From Syria， still steeped in unimaginable war， the Art Miles Mural Project Coordinator states that for her and her students “A vision without an action is a daydream， and an action without a vision is a nightmare” and despite the war ravaging her country she continues to paint murals with students.

這八個行動領域最為重要的是促進國際和平安全。“藝術萬里”壁畫項目通過一個不受局限而又激勵人心的媒介來傳遞人們的內心世界，這些人不愿繼續生活在恐懼和害怕之中，被剝奪基本的人權。還有什么方法能比此項目更能夠支持這一行動領域呢？

在仍被內戰蹂躪的敘利亞，“藝術萬里”壁畫項目協調員代表自己和她的學生發聲:“如果說沒有行動的愿景是一場白日夢，那么沒有愿景的行動卻是一場噩夢”，盡管她的祖國遭戰爭涂炭，她還是堅持與她的學生創作壁畫。

Peace is possible in each of us as experienced by youth from a joyful famous little Italian town called “Narni”. Art Miles Coordinator Giuseppe， works with those visions of children to explore， enjoy， rejoice and celebrate the infinite possibilities with filmmakers of the movie “Narnia” that rest within the soul of each individual be it a child or adult.

For The Art Miles， the journey continues， winding its way around the world with mural painting events and exhibitions in famous museums to tiny villages in Mongolia， with expressions of their original actions in support of the Culture of Peace.

According to Fouad and Joanne， “We do this from our hearts and there is no feeling that can compare to looking at each looming and individual mural. They are truly the greatest collection of children (and adult) voices. Our reward is watching a blank piece of canvas evolve into a masterpiece through the imagination and expression of ideas， camaraderie and sharing that happens to anyone who paints. It is a delight that creates music with our heartstrings and fills us with indescribable joy. It is truly rewarding to see the magic of transformation of the faces of children and adults as they start painting and when the last brush stroke is done. They seem to be in awe as they stand back and absorb the impact of the final product. It is at that moment when the founders and the painters bring to reality the expression that “peace begins with me healing hearts with mural art”.

和平存在于我們每一個人的心中，正如從著名的意大利小鎮“奈恩”走出來的青年人所經歷的那樣。項目協調員朱塞佩與電影“奈恩尼亞”的創作人員一起通過兒童的各種美好愿景探索、享受、歡呼和慶祝這種無限的可能性，而這一可能性蘊藏在我們每一個人的靈魂深處，不管是兒童還是成人。

然而“藝術萬里”之旅仍未停下，它的腳步從著名的博物館一路蜿蜒來到蒙古的偏僻山村，不斷地舉辦各種壁畫創作活動和展覽，用創新性的實踐行動，表達著對和平文化的支持。

喬安娜和福阿德說，“我們用心來做這一切，沒有任何感受能夠媲美欣賞這一幅幅高大壯麗的壁畫所帶來的強烈沖擊。這些壁畫匯集了來自兒童（和成人）的各種聲音，當之無愧是最偉大的合輯。我們看著一幅幅空白的畫布變成了一幅幅鴻篇巨作，感到無比欣慰，這些作品充滿了無窮的想象力，充分表達了思想，飽含友愛之情和分享的喜悅。所有參與創作的人感受都有這種感覺。我們用心弦來彈奏音樂，使內心充滿難以描摹的喜悅，這本身就是一件幸事。當看到從一開始繪畫到最后一筆勾勒，大人和孩子的表情奇跡般地發生了轉變，就會覺得所做的一切都十分值得。他們往后退一步，欣賞成品的時候，好像為之一振。就是在此刻，創辦者和繪畫者將“壁畫治愈心靈是和平的開始” 這句話轉變為現實。