公務員“熱”召喚青年理性擇業

\"With a cup of tea， a cigarette and a newspaper， half a day passes.\" \"You use the gold bowl to eat. The rice is very sweet.\" \"You needn’t pay money for anything.\" …These are popular words that are used to describe the working conditions of civil servants. When civil servants become younger and younger and they have to bear more and more important responsibilities， the pressure of young civil servants also follows them.

“一杯茶一根煙，一張報紙看半天。”“你們捧的是金飯碗，吃飯香”“你們啥都不用自己花錢”……這些都是曾形容公務員工作狀態的流行語。可當公務員隊伍越來越年輕化，公務員擔當的職責越來越重要的的時候，再加上社會大眾給公務員帶上了“有色眼鏡”，青年公務員的壓力也隨之而來。

The job of civil servant is not that perfect

公務員職業并不完美

Although the hot wave hasn’t faded， under the bright appearance， civil servants are experiencing multiple pressures such as \"working pressure\"， \"promotion pressure\"， \"economic pressure\" and \"pressure from public opinion\". It is understood that in order to improve efficiency in Switzerland， some states have canceled the call of civil servants and use the name of \"governmental employees since 2002.\" This means that the government's relationship with employees is no longer permanent. Through employment by contract， the government may at any time dismiss government employees of poor performance. In Singapore， the level of civil servants’ income is lower than that of private enterprises’ employees. The discipline and the financial constraints are extremely strict. In addition， according to Japanese media reports， compared with ten years ago， the number of Japanese local civil servants who take annual leaves for a long time due to mental illness has increased 2.4 times in 2012， which made a record in the investigation since 1992. According to the minister of propaganda department of the Chinese Communist Youth League of Guizhou Province Jiang Yunli， in the survey of 900 young civil servants in Guizhou in March 2013， it was found that part of the young civil servants lacked self-confidence. Only 15.42% felt very confident. 23.91% felt unconfident. 27.37% thought that civil servants around them were full of passion and confidence. The non-confidence mainly came from their abilities， learning， training， selection， cultivation and etc.

Just as the saying goes， people who drink water know by themselves whether the water is warm or cold. \"When people are not civil servants， they feel that civil servants are good jobs. They desire to be civil servants. But when they become civil servants， they find the jobs are not so good.\" \"Besides， in recent years， civil servants are very popular. Chinese people follow the hot wave blindly.\" Xiao Gao who now works in an unit in Xiangtan in Hunan Province， China believes that many young people don't know why they register for the examination of civil servants.

\"It is harder and harder to be an official\". \"People say civil servants are idle. But I work so busily and I am so tired\". \"The monthly income is only more than 1000 yuan with no benefits\"... At present， as the policies and regulations of the welfare and promotion mechanisms are adjusted， public opinions on the work and life of young civil servants in China can be heard without end. A lot of people also begin to think about options of their ways of life.

雖然熱潮不減，但是在光鮮的職業外表下，公務員正經歷著“工作壓力”、“晉升壓力”、“經濟壓力”、“輿論壓力”等多重壓力。據悉，為了提高辦事效率，瑞士自2002年以來，取消了部分州的公務員稱呼，改為“政府雇員。”這意味著政府與雇員的關系不再是永久性的，而是通過合同聘用，政府可隨時解聘工作業績差的政府雇員。在新加坡，公務員的收入水平低于私營企業雇員的工資，且紀律和財務約束又極嚴。此外，據日本媒體報道，與十年前相比，2012年因精神疾病而長期休假的日本地方公務員人數增加了2.4倍，創下了自1992年調查以來的歷史最高紀錄。據中國共青團貴州省委宣傳部部長蔣云麗透露，在2013年3月對貴州省900名青年公務員的調查中發現，部分青年公務員自信不足：感到非常自信的僅15.42%，不自信的23.91%；認為身邊公務員充滿激情與自信的僅為27.37%。這些不自信主要來自自身能力、學習培訓、選拔培養等方面。

正所謂，如人飲水，冷暖自知。“沒有進入公務員隊伍的，都覺得里面好，削尖了腦袋想進來，進來了又發現不是那么回事。”“再加上這幾年公務員熱，中國人自古喜歡湊熱鬧，也就是‘羊群效應’，你考我考大家考，很多人其實是一種盲從。”目前任職于中國湖南湘潭某機關單位的小高認為，很多青年人其實并不清楚自己為什么報考公務員。

“官越來越不好當”、“誰說公務員閑，我是累成狗了”、“月收入只有1000多塊，什么福利也沒用”……當前，隨著公務員工作福利待遇、晉升機制等各項政策和規定的調整，關于中國青年公務員工作狀態和生活狀態的討論不絕于耳。很多人也紛紛開始思考自己人生的出路。

Xiao Chen is a civil servant in a customs office in Sanya， Hainan， China. He was from an excellent school. In 2011， with the dream to do something for the people， he participated in the national civil service exam. After the difficulties， he became a civil servant successfully. \"I come from the countryside. I am not afraid of bitterness and tiredness. I just want to actually do something for the people.\" \"Civil servants should provide wealth for the society， shouldn’t they?\"

At first， Xiao Chen was just like most civil servants at the grass-roots level. He sent newspaper， typewrote and sent water or tea... In his words， he did not do any things associated with the dream. After two years’ work， Xiao Chen said， \"Now most of my job is to write speeches for leaders and write work reports. It is really hard to do some practical work. Perhaps someday I will go to the business sector.\" The half-true answers made people not know whether to laugh or cry. Xiao Chen’s experiences may be an individual case. But it also reflects that the young civil servants’ working conditions and mentalities are in urgent need of guidance and adjustment.

小陳，中國海南三亞某海關單位的一名公務員，在學校里是眾人艷羨的“天之驕子”，2011年，懷抱著為人民群眾做點實事的理想參加國家公務員考試，過五關、斬六將后，順利成為一名公務員。“我從農村來的，不怕苦，不怕累，我當初確實是懷著切切實實做點事的理想來的”，“公務員不就應該是為社會創造財富的提供者嗎？”

起初，小陳和大多數基層公務員一樣，發報紙、打字、端茶送水……用他的話說，就是沒做一點跟理想相關的事情。工作兩年后，小陳坦言，“現在我大部分時間就是幫領導寫講話稿、寫工作報告，要真正做點實事還是挺難的，除非下基層，說不定哪天我就下海了”。這句半真半假的回答，讓人啼笑皆非。小陳的經歷，或許只是個案，但也反映了青年公務員的工作狀態和心態都亟需引導和調整。

Every trade has its masters

三百六十行，行行出狀元

“Pressure is common in every age and in every group. If the policy is proper， youth civil servants' growing pains will be transformed into the deep motivation for the future development of the state，\" said Tao Lianghu， Executive Vice President of School of Administration in Hubei province in China.

In 2014， a paper entitled “Problems of Civil Servants Are in Urgent Need to Be Solved” on China Science Daily pointed out that only by establishing a more scientific and reasonable mechanism of employment of civil servants， letting the right people stay in the team of civil servants， and proving those who want to seek a broader stage system a new chance to make their own choices， could young civil servants break through the siege and have a correct understanding of themselves and cognitive career.

As China uses the system of employment under contracts of civil servants， the secure jobs suddenly lose much attraction. \"The generation after 80s grew up after the reform and opening up. They generally have a strong sense of self-awareness and personal dream are more eager to obey the call of their hearts and engaged in to do what they like and are good at，\" said China Workers’ Daily. From the phenomenon of the resignation of civil servants， we can see that people with independent consciousness and personal ideals recognize the urgency of realizing their own value and seek the new stages suitable for themselves.

“壓力在每個時代、每個群體身上都普遍存在，如果政策得當，青年公務員所面對的‘成長的煩惱’，將會轉化為國家未來發展的深層動力。”中國湖北省行政學院常務副院長陶良虎說。

2014年的開年，《中國科學報》在一篇名為《公務員“圍城”亟待破解》的文章中指出，只有建立更為科學合理的公務員進出機制，讓合適的人才留在公務員隊伍中，同時給那些想要尋求更廣闊舞臺的體制內人重新選擇的機會，青年公務員才能突破圍城困擾，進而正確認識自己，認知自己的職業。

隨著中國各地紛紛試水聘用制公務員，曾經的“鐵飯碗”頓時失去了不少光芒。“成長于改革開放后的80后，普遍有強烈的自我意識和個人夢想，更渴望聽從內心的召喚，從事自己喜歡和擅長的工作。”中國《工人日報》分析稱。從公務員的辭職現象可以看出，有著獨立意識，個人理想的人紛紛認識到實現自身價值的迫切性，尋求新的適合自己的舞臺。

We have learned that in Russia， many young people don't think a job is a lifetime career， they think different work experiences can let one develop better. Even if they have the jobs of civil servants which are admired by many people， as long as they find their abilities， interests and jobs do not conform with them， many of them will choose to find other jobs according to their own development needs.

Xia Taotao from Sichuan， China， is a typical \"post-85\". After graduating from a college in 2009， Xia Taotao decided to return to his hometown to start his own businesses of developing the cultivation of local chickens after serious thoughts. Xia Taotao’s major in the university was science. At first he didn’t know anything about the technology of raising chickens. In order to realize his dream， he bought a lot of books about raising chickens. He learned while doing. Everything comes to him who waits. In August 2013， Xia Taotao and his girlfriend successfully opened an exclusive shop of local chickens. Xia Taotao’s entrepreneurial success makes us believe that as long as young people set up the correct employment view and have good career planning， many jobs besides civil servants can lead to success.

At present， encouraging college students to become self-employed is an important aspect of the national government’s employment policies. The Thai government has issued many preferential policies， including providing students of entrepreneurship with some loan subsidies， etc. The French government implements the project of \"university students’ enterprise\" to encourage the construction of innovative enterprise incubators. Aimed at young entrepreneurs， a series of measures such as tax remission were provided. The government provides young entrepreneurs all kinds support from policies to funds. In terms of encouraging young students to become self-employed， China also provides positive policies such as tax incentives and small loans.

據了解，在俄羅斯，很多青年人認為沒有一份工作是一輩子的職業，他們認為不同的工作經驗可以讓自己發展得更好。即便是羨煞眾人的公務員工作，只要發現自己的能力、興趣與工作崗位不符合，很多青年人都會根據自身發展需要另辟天地。

夏韜滔，來自中國四川，典型的“85后”。2009年大學畢業后，夏韜滔經過認真思考，決定回鄉自主創業，發展土雞養殖事業。畢業于理科專業的夏韜滔，起初對養雞技術一竅不通。為了達成自己的理想，他買了一大堆養雞書籍進行研究，邊學邊干。功夫不負有心人，2013年8月，夏韜滔和女友成功開設了一家土雞專賣店。夏韜滔的創業成功證明，青年人只要樹立正確的就業觀，擁有良好的職業規劃，并非只有公務員這一條通天大道。

目前，鼓勵大學生自主創業是各國政府就業政策的一個重要方面。泰國政府曾出臺許多優惠政策，包括給予創業大學生一定貸款補貼等。法國政府實施“大學青年企業”項目，鼓勵建設創新企業孵化器，針對青年創業者，更有創業初期減免稅費等一系列措施，為青年創業提供從政策到資金的各類支持。中國在鼓勵青年學生自主創業方面，也提供稅費優惠和小額貸款的利好政策。

Promote youths’ rational employment in various ways

多管其下促進青年理性就業

Just as the saying goes: “It’s easy to draw on white paper.” Recently， many young people find that the profession they take after graduation does not match their dreams. Therefore， many scholars think that schools should organize students to take internships and strengthen the pre-employment training of students. In 2007， Gao Xiaomei， deputy director of Shanghai Intellectual Property Bureau， said: “If students can be inspired to have career planning in college， they are more likely to have enthusiasm and fast development in future work.”

According to the media， in Australia， students take internship and learn “industry experience”， especially for the students of engineering who can graduate only by taking the professional internship of twelve weeks approved by “Australian Engineers Association”. The French government also encourages students to take internship can call this as an indispensible “learning platform”. In 2009， the English government plans to carry out “national learning plan” to help those students who have not found work to have a three-month internship at enterprises or organizations to help them finally obtain employment. In China， although there is no written speculation of internship， many places have trials of intern reserve plans one after another. For instance， Tianjin， China has carried out “double hundred plan of intern reserve” which connects vocational schools with enterprise lack of staff and makes enterprises become the teaching base of college students’ internship.

俗話說，“白紙上好作畫”。如今，很多青年人就業后發現從事的職業和自己的理想并不相符。因此，很多專家學者認為，學校方面要多組織學生參與各類實習，加強學生的職前培訓。2007年時任中國上海知識產權局副局長高小枚就表示:“如果在大學階段，就能夠啟發學生做些職業規劃，可能更有利于學生在工作崗位上充滿熱情，并得到較快的發展”。

據媒體報道，在澳大利亞，大學生通過實習，學習“行業經驗”的現象很普遍，特別是工程專業的學生，必須通過“澳大利亞工程師協會”核準的12周專業實習，才能畢業。法國政府也非常鼓勵學生實習，稱這一行動為必不可少的“學習平臺”。2009年，英國政府計劃推行“國家實習計劃”，幫助未能找到工作的學生到企業或其他機構實習3個月，幫助他們最終實現就業。在中國，崗前實習雖沒有明文規定，但很多地市紛紛試水實習生儲備計劃，如中國天津從2013年開始實施“實習生儲備雙百計劃”，讓職業院校與重點缺工企業對接，使企業成為學校學生實習教學基地。

According to the report of relevant media， the Germany government takes protective methods in domestic employment market to reduce the pressure of domestic college graduates in obtaining employment. America has taken many incentive measures to encourage college graduates to go to specific areas or take specific professions. The most common measure is the elimination of student loans. In promotion of youth employment， the Japanese government has taken measures mainly including promoting the openness of recruiting information in the whole society to solve the problem of the information mismatch between employers and job seekers. In 2013， the Chinese government introduced six methods to promote the employment of college students including the implementation of existing policies， the widening of employment channels， the encouragement of entrepreneurship and the implementation of employment support. In order to widen the range of youth employment， the Chinese government encourages college graduates to work at the basic level and the areas of harsh conditions and various enterprises especially small and medium sized enterprises and private enterprises to employ college graduates and offer services like entrepreneurship training and guidance.

In addition， many countries pay attention to vocational education， set up majors favorable to youth employment and try their best to cultivate young people in line with market requirements. In recent years， the American government has strengthened the supervision of profitable vocational schools to make the students better matched with the requirements of society. Swedish vocational schools require that theory should be combined with practice， emphasize that students should “learn through work” and try their best to provide employment opportunities for students. Russian vocational education has a fast development. In 2012， President Putin emphasized the establishment of new teaching centers of practical skills. In addition， the Russian government also offers teaching subsidy loans for financial support. If students participate in additional vocational training， the school can get financial aid.

同時，據有關媒體報道，德國政府在國內就業市場上采取保護性措施，減輕本國高校畢業生在就業方面的壓力。美國為了鼓勵大學畢業生到特定的地區或從事特定的職業，采取了許多激勵措施，其中最為常見的做法就是免除學生的貸款。在促進青年人就業方面，日本政府采取的主要做法是最大限度地促進全社會的雇用信息公開化，以解決用人單位和求職者的信息不對稱問題。2013年，中國政府出臺六大舉措，促進青年大學生就業，包括落實現有政策，拓寬就業渠道，鼓勵自主創業，開展就業幫扶等。為擴大青年學生的就業范圍，中國政府鼓勵大學畢業生到基層和艱苦地區工作，鼓勵各類企事業單位特別是中小企業和民營企業聘用高校畢業生，并組織開展創業培訓、開業指導等服務。

此外，不少國家注重從職業教育入手，開辟利于青年社會就業的專業，盡量為社會輸出符合市場需求的青年崗位能手。近年來，美國政府加強對以盈利為目的的職業院校的監管，使其培養的學生更符合就業市場的需要。同時，鼓勵年輕人從事志愿工作，通過參加社區服務，幫助他們融入社會。瑞典的職業教育學校要求理論聯系實際，強調“在工作中學習”，盡可能地為學生提供就業機會。俄羅斯職業教育發展迅速，2012年，俄羅斯總統普京強調要在一些綜合性職業學院建立新的實用技能教學中心。另外，國家在財政扶持上，最主要的是教學補助款項，如果學生參加額外教育培訓，學院還可得到資金補助。

Postscripts:

編后語：

Fan Zhongyan， an officer of the Northern Song dynasty in China， said: “Be the first to show concern and the last to enjoy oneself.” “Putting public interest before self-interest” should be the quality that civil servants have. The couplet on the door of Guang Zhou Huangpu Military Academy founded by Sun Yat-sen， democratic revolutionist in Modern China， said， “If you want promotion and fortune， don't take this path; If you cling to life and fear death， don't enter this door.”

Once an occupation planner analyzed that those who pursue rapid success and do not have good communication skills or clear goals were not qualified for civil servants. Civil servants should be people who are willing to provide convenience for people and create fortune for society. If a national civil servant imagines having endless wealth and high position， as a result， he will be indulged in luxuries and dissipation life.

中國北宋官員范仲淹說:“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”。“先公后私”才是公務員該有的擔當。近代中國的民主革命家孫中山先生創辦的廣州黃埔軍校大門口的對聯說，“升官發財請走別路，貪生怕死莫入此門”。

曾有職業規劃師分析，追求事業上有快速回報者，不善于人際交往者，自身職業目標不清的“湊熱鬧”者都不適合做公務員。公務員隊伍需要的是能夠為人民提供便利，為社會創造財富，能夠如“螺絲釘”一樣在某個位置發光發熱的人。欲取之必先予之。如果一個國家的公務員，一味貪圖享樂，幻想一朝進城門，從此榮華富貴享樂不盡。長此以往，也將迷失在紙醉金迷中。

Youths are the future of a state and the hope of a nation. Throughout employment policies， all countries spare no effort to provide the optimum terms for the youth employment. Therefore， youths should make full use of their own personalities and abilities to choose jobs rationally and grasp the employment opportunities provided by the national governments to create wealth for society and realize their personal values.

青年是國家的未來，是民族的希望。縱觀各國促進青年就業政策，各國政府都在竭盡全力為青年就業、創業創造最有利的條件。因此，青年人應該根據自身性格、能力，理性擇業，抓住各國政府提供的就業先機，努力為社會創造財富，才能實現個人價值，國家才會更加安定和繁榮。